Status of pesticides pollution in Tanzania – A review

Elibariki, Raheli; Maguta, Mihayo Musabila

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.03.036

Cited by 60 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…In many tropical contexts, farmers have received no or little training about proper pesticide application and have a limited awareness of pesticide risk (Williamson et al 2008;Raksanam et al 2012). Therefore, farmers often do not respect good application practices (Settle et al 2014;Houbraken et al 2017;Elibariki and Maguta 2017), practice excessive use and misuse of pesticides (Montes et al 2012;Pouokam et al 2017). Furthermore, structural adjustment policies e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges and ways forward in pesticide emission and toxicity characterization modeling for tropical conditions

Gentil-Sergent

Fantke

Mottes

et al. 2019

Int J Life Cycle Assess

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Purpose In tropical cropping systems, pesticides are extensively used to fight pests and ensure high crop yields. However, pesticide use also leads to environmental and health impacts. While pesticide emissions and impacts are influenced by farm management practices and environmental conditions, available Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) emission models and Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) toxicity characterization models are generally designed based on temperate conditions. There is, hence, a need for adapting LCI and LCIA models for evaluating pesticides under tropical conditions. To address this need, we aim to identify the characteristics that determine pesticide emissions and related impacts under tropical conditions, and to assess to what extent LCI and LCIA models need to be adapted to better account for these conditions. Methods We investigated the state-of-knowledge with respect to characteristics that drive pesticide emission patterns, environmental fate, human and ecological exposures, and toxicological effects under tropical conditions. We then discuss the applicability of existing LCI and LCIA models to tropical regions as input for deriving specific recommendations for future modeling refinements. Results and discussion Our results indicate that many pesticide-related environmental processes, such as degradation and volatilization, show higher kinetic rates under tropical conditions mainly due to higher temperatures, sunlight radiation, and microbial activity. Heavy and frequent rainfalls enhance leaching and runoff. Specific soil characteristics (e.g., low pH), crops, and cropping systems (e.g., mulching) are important drivers of distinct pesticide emission patterns under tropical conditions. Adapting LCI models to tropical conditions implies incorporating specific features of tropical cropping systems (e.g., intercropping, ground cover management), specific drift curves for tropical pesticide application techniques, and better addressing leaching processes. The validity domain of the discussed LCI and LCIA models could be systematically extended to tropical regions by considering tropical soil types, climate conditions, and crops, and adding active substances applied specifically under tropical conditions, including the consideration of late applications of pesticides before harvest and their effect on crop residues and subsequent human intake. Conclusions Current LCI and LCIA models are not fully suitable for evaluating pesticide emissions and impacts for crops cultivated in tropical regions. Models should be adapted and parameterized to better account for various characteristics influencing emission and impact patterns under tropical conditions using best available data and knowledge. Further research is urgently required to improve our knowledge and data with respect to understanding and evaluating pesticide emission and impact processes under tropical conditions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges and ways forward in pesticide emission and toxicity characterization modeling for tropical conditions

Gentil-Sergent

Fantke

Mottes

et al. 2019

Int J Life Cycle Assess

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“…While this certainly occurs also in SSA (e.g., Dalvie et al, 2014), it is less of a concern within the context of smallholder pesticide use. But pesticides can nonetheless be applied, stored, and disposed in ways that cause accumulation in nature (Aidoo et al, 2019;Elibariki & Maguta, 2017). Unfortunately, according to de Bon et al (2014), relatively little research has been conducted on the environmental impacts of pesticides in tropical areas and especially in Africa.…”

Section: Beyond the Farm: Contamination Of Food And The Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Environmental Justice Perspective on Smallholder Pesticide Use in Sub-Saharan Africa

Isgren

Andersson

2020

The Journal of Environment & Development

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Pesticide use is increasing in many parts of sub-Saharan Africa, and many smallholders purchase, handle, and apply toxic pesticides with inadequate equipment, knowledge, and technical support. Through the frame of environmental justice, this literature-based study analyzes characteristics, impacts, and drivers of smallholder pesticide use in sub-Saharan Africa, with particular attention to Uganda as a case. We find that market liberalization, poor regulation enforcement, and persistent neglect of agricultural extension place the burden of risk largely on farmers, while perceived necessity of pesticides and the elusive nature of impacts (especially under conditions of insufficient monitoring) likely delay social mobilization around pesticides. The environmental justice frame, which has seen limited application in smallholder contexts, importantly helps delineate future directions for research and practice. It is particularly effective for redirecting focus from highly limited managerial solutions for “safe use” toward deeper problem drivers and solutions capable of tackling them.

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“…There has also been a demonstrated link between multiple myeloma and EBV however impact on age of onset has not been determined [23]. In the case of our CLL patient population, the use of pesticides and artificial fertilizer might contribute to the number of CLL/SLL [24,25], taking into consideration that Kilimanjaro Region is known for a large use of pesticides [26], partly exceeding the WHO permissible limits, at least in the past [27]. However further research is required to evaluate the association between these factors and to identify other potential etiological causes.…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Hematological malignancies in East Africa—Which cancers to expect and how to provide services

et al. 2020

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Background Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) has an increasing non-communicable disease burden. Tanzania has an incidence of more than 35,000 cancer cases per year with an 80% mortality rate. Hematological malignancies account for 10% of these cases. The numbers will double within the next 10 years due to demographic changes, better diagnostic capabilities and life style changes. Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre established a Cancer Care Centre (CCC) in December 2016 for a catchment area of 15 million people in Northern Tanzania. This article aims to display the hematological diagnosis and characteristics of the patients as well as to describe the advancements of hematologic services in a low resource setting. Methods A cross-sectional analysis of all hematological malignancies at CCC from December 2016 to May 2019 was performed and a narrative report provides information about diagnostic means, treatment and the use of synergies. Results A total of 209 cases have been documented, the most common malignancies were NHL and MM with 44% and 20%. 36% of NHL cases, 16% of MM cases and 63% of CML cases were seen in patients under the age of 45. When subcategorized, CLL/SLL cases had a median age was 56.5, 51 years for those with other entities of NHL. Sexes were almost equally balanced in all NHL groups while clear male predominance was found in HL and CML. Discussion Malignancies occur at a younger age and higher stages than in Western countries. It can be assumed that infections play a key role herein. Closing the gap of hematologic services in SSA can be achieved by adapting and reshaping existing infrastructure and partnering with international organizations.

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Status of pesticides pollution in Tanzania – A review

Cited by 60 publications

References 21 publications

Challenges and ways forward in pesticide emission and toxicity characterization modeling for tropical conditions

Challenges and ways forward in pesticide emission and toxicity characterization modeling for tropical conditions

An Environmental Justice Perspective on Smallholder Pesticide Use in Sub-Saharan Africa

Hematological malignancies in East Africa—Which cancers to expect and how to provide services

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