Status of R&amp;D on mitigating the effects of pressure waves for the Spallation Neutron Source mercury target

Riemer, Bernie; Wendel, M.W.; Felde, D.K.; Abdou, Ashraf A; McClintock, David A

doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2011.11.018

Cited by 20 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Packed beds and granular flows are of interest as a potential high-Z target technology for future high-energy physics and nuclear facilities [1][2][3] as an alternative to liquid metals in contained or open jet configurations [4][5][6][7][8][9]. Like liquid metals, granular targets permit efficient in-line recirculation cooling after an interaction with the beam while limiting thermal expansion stresses to small confines.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proton beam induced dynamics of tungsten granules

Caretta

Loveridge

O'Dell

et al. 2018

Phys. Rev. Accel. Beams

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This paper reports the results from single-pulse experiments of a 440 GeV=c proton beam interacting with granular tungsten samples in both vacuum and helium environments. Remote high-speed photography and laser Doppler vibrometry were used to observe the effect of the beam on the sample grains. The majority of the results were derived from a trough containing ∼45 μm diameter spheres (not compacted) reset between experiments to maintain the same initial conditions. Experiments were also carried out on other open and contained samples for the purposes of comparison both with the 45 μm grain results and with a previous experiment carried out with sub-250 μm mixed crystalline tungsten powder in helium [Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 17, 101005 (2014)]. The experiments demonstrate that a greater dynamic response is produced in a vacuum than in a helium environment and in smaller grains compared with larger grains. The examination of the dynamics of the grains after a beam impact leads to the hypothesis that the grain response is primarily the result of a charge interaction of the proton beam with the granular medium.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proton beam induced dynamics of tungsten granules

Caretta

Loveridge

O'Dell

et al. 2018

Phys. Rev. Accel. Beams

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“…As for the mercury targets, cavitation damage tests were conducted using mercury to investigate the cavitation damage evolution on the surface in contact with mercury [22][23][24][25][26][27]. The cavitation damage on the inner surface of the used mercury targets was investigated [28][29][30][31][32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cavitation Damage Prediction in Mercury Target for Pulsed Spallation Neutron Source Using Monte Carlo Simulation

Wakui,

Takagishi,

Futakawa

2023

Materials

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Cavitation damage on a mercury target vessel for a pulsed spallation neutron source is induced by a proton beam injection in mercury. Cavitation damage is one of factors affecting the allowable beam power and the life time of a mercury target vessel. The prediction method of the cavitation damage using Monte Carlo simulations was proposed taking into account the uncertainties of the core position of cavitation bubbles and impact pressure distributions. The distribution of impact pressure attributed to individual cavitation bubble collapsing was assumed to be Gaussian distribution and the probability distribution of the maximum value of impact pressures was assumed to be three kinds of distributions: the delta function and Gaussian and Weibull distributions. Two parameters in equations describing the distribution of impact pressure were estimated using Bayesian optimization by comparing the distribution of the cavitation damage obtained from the experiment with the distribution of the accumulated plastic strain obtained from the simulation. Regardless of the distribution type, the estimated maximum impact pressure was 1.2–2.9 GPa and existed in the range of values predicted by the ratio of the diameter and depth of the pit. The estimated dispersion of the impact pressure distribution was 1.0–1.7 μm and corresponded to the diameter of major pits. In the distribution of the pits described by the accumulated plastic strain, which was assumed in three cases, the delta function and Gaussian and Weibull distributions, the Weibull distribution agreed well with the experimental results, particularly including relatively large pit size. Furthermore, the Weibull distribution reproduced the depth profile, i.e., pit shape, better than that using the delta function or Gaussian distribution. It can be said that the cavitation erosion phenomenon is predictable by adopting the Weibull distribution. This prediction method is expected to be applied to predict the cavitation damage in fluid equipment such as pumps and fluid parts.

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