Status of the CANGAROO-III project

Kubo, H.; Asahara, A.; Bicknell, G. V.; Clay, R. W.; Doi, Yasuo; Edwards, Philip; Enomoto, R.; Gunji, Shuichi; Hara, Shinji; Hara, T.; Hattori, Takahiro; Hayashi, S.; Itoh, C.; Kabuki, S.; Kajino, F.; Katagiri, H.; Kawachi, A.; Kifune, T.; Ksenofontov, L. T.; Kurihara, Takuya; Kurosaka, R.; Kushida, J.; Matsubara, Y.; Miyashita, Yoshimitsu; Mizumoto, Y.; Mori, M.; Moro, H.; Muraishi, H.; Muraki, Y.; Naito, T.; Nakase, T.; Nishida, D.; Nishijima, K.; Ohishi, M.; Okumura, Ko; Patterson, Joseph; Protheroe, R. J.; Sakamoto, N.; Sakurazawa, K.; Swaby, D. L.; Tanimori, T.; Tanimura, Hidehiko; Thornton, G.; Tokanai, Fuyuki; Tsuchiya, Ken; Uchida, Tomohisa; Watanabe, S.; Yamaoka, T.; Yanagita, S.; Yoshida, Tatsuo; Yoshikoshi, T.

doi:10.1016/j.newar.2003.12.002

Cited by 45 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Arrays of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes provide a further increase in sensitivity and in angular and energy resolution, as demonstrated by the HEGRA experiment [5]. The stereoscopic imaging atmospheric Cherenkov technique is now being exploited using large reflectors by four projects worldwide; MAGIC [6] and VERITAS [7] in the Northern hemisphere and HESS [8] and CANGAROO III [9] in the South. HESS was the first of these to come online and recent observations have produced a wealth of new discoveries [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The first VERITAS telescope

Holder

Atkins

Badran

et al. 2006

Astroparticle Physics

272

202

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The first atmospheric Cherenkov telescope of VERITAS (the Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System) has been in operation since February 2005. We present here a technical description of the instrument and a summary of its performance. The calibration methods are described, along with the results of Monte Carlo simulations of the telescope and comparisons between real and simulated data. The analysis of TeV γ-ray observations of the Crab Nebula, including the reconstructed energy spectrum, is shown to give results consistent with earlier measurements. The telescope is operating as expected and has met or exceeded all design specifications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The first VERITAS telescope

Holder

Atkins

Badran

et al. 2006

Astroparticle Physics

272

202

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“…All new major installations are based on the stereoscopic approach (H.E.S.S. [3], VERITAS [4] and CANGAROO-III [5]) or plan to adopt stereoscopy (MAGIC, phase II [6]). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The trigger system of the H.E.S.S. telescope array

Funk

Hermann

Hinton

et al. 2004

Astroparticle Physics

129

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H.E.S.S. -The High Energy Stereoscopic System-is a new system of large atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes for GeV/TeV γ-ray astronomy. This paper describes the trigger system of H.E.S.S. with emphasis on the multi-telescope array level trigger. The system trigger requires the simultaneous detection of air-showers by several telescopes at the hardware level. This requirement allows a suppression of background events which in turn leads to a lower system energy threshold for the detection of γ-rays. The implementation of the H.E.S.S. trigger system is presented along with data taken to characterise its performance.

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“…This technique, known as stereoscopy, is being employed by the four large ground based gamma-ray astronomy groups. These are CANGAROO-III (the JapaneseAustralian collaboration sited in Woomera, Australia: Kubo et al (2004)), HESS (the largely German-French collaboration sited in Namibia: (Benbow & Hess Collaboration (2005)), MAGIC (the German-Spanish-Italian collaboration sited in La Palma: Lorenz & MAGIC Collaboration (2005)) and VERITAS (the North American-European collaboration located in Arizona: Weekes (2003)). This new generation of telescopes is already producing spectacular new science results and has pushed the number of detected VHE sources beyond thirty (see Ong (2005) for details).…”

Section: Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

Ground Based Gamma-Ray Astronomy

et al. 2005

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Abstract. The field of ground based gamma-ray astronomy has seen rapid growth over the past thirty years with the development of the Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Technique to search for Very High Energy (VHE; E > 100 GeV) gamma radiation. This growth continues with the construction of four third generation telescope systems in Namibia, Australia, La Palma and the USA. These systems will search for VHE gamma radiation from such objects as AGN, SNRs, microquasars, dark matter and the galactic centre.Keywords. TeV, gamma ray, IACT, AGN, SNR. Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov TechniqueThis paper provides a brief overview of the field of ground-based gamma-ray astronomy. In the first section, the technique will be described, and in the second section a selection of recent results will be summarised.Upon striking the earth's atmosphere, a high-energy gamma ray initiates a relativistic cascade of electromagnetic particles known as an Extensive Air Shower (EAS). These particles produce Cherenkov radiation which may be detected on the ground using arrays of PMTs mounted in the focal plane of a large reflector. As the Cherenkov radiation produced is extremely faint, this can only be done on clear moonless nights, resulting in a duty cycle of ∼10 %. Due to the almost overwhelming hadronic background, a highly efficient rejection technique is required. This can be achieved as gamma-ray induced EAS produce small compact images whereas hadronic images are large and irregular. A parameterisation of the size and shape of the image (Hillas (1985)) allows discrimination between these images, with a background rejection of ∼98 % and a signal acceptance of ∼30 %.Local muons produce images very similar to low energy (<200 GeV) gamma rays. These can be discriminated against using multiple telescopes with a large (∼100 m) baseline operating with a coincidence trigger, as local muons only affect single (or adjacent) telescopes. Coupled with a large mirror area, this allows a reduction of the system's energy threshold to ∼100 GeV and results in arc minute resolution and an energy resolution close to 15 %. This technique, known as stereoscopy, is being employed by the four large ground based gamma-ray astronomy groups. These are CANGAROO-III

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Status of the CANGAROO-III project

Cited by 45 publications

References 17 publications

The first VERITAS telescope

The first VERITAS telescope

The trigger system of the H.E.S.S. telescope array

Ground Based Gamma-Ray Astronomy

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