Status of the invasion of Carpobrotus edulis in Uruguay based on community science records

Abstract

Carpobrotus edulis, a highly invasive plant species repeatedly introduced along the Atlantic coast of South America, poses a significant threat to the ecological integrity of coastal dune ecosystems in Uruguay. This study used 15 years of iNaturalist records to assess the magnitude of Carpobrotusinvasion, focusing on its distribution, abundance, and reproductive structures. Through the analysis of georeferenced and dated data, we determined that Carpobrotus has spread extensively, covering a 10-km-wide coastal area and occupying approximately 220 km along the Atlantic coast and the outer Rio de la Plata estuary. The presence of this species in both natural and urbanized areas highlights the urgent need for effective management strategies to mitigate its impact on native biodiversity. Utilizing community science platforms like iNaturalist has been instrumental in monitoring and documenting invasive species occurrences. However, further investigations are necessary, particularly in less sampled regions, to fully understand the extent of Carpobrotus invasion, especially along the eastern coast of Uruguay. To uphold conservation efforts and protect the country's coastal ecosystems, it is crucial for local authorities to reassess current practices related to exotic ornamental planting, which facilitates the spread of Carpobrotus. This study emphasizes the importance of robust monitoring programs in combating invasive species. By addressing the invasion of C. edulis, the ecological integrity of coastal dune ecosystems can be preserved, ensuring the survival of native flora and fauna along Uruguay's Atlantic coast.