Status of the PWO crystal production from Russia for CMS-ECAL

Auffray, E.; Cavallari, F.; Lecoq, P.; Sempere, P.; Schneegans, M.

doi:10.1016/s0168-9002(02)00685-x

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The high-density (8.28 g/cm 3 ), short radiation length (X 0 = 0.89 cm), and small Molière radius (R M = 2.2 cm) of PbWO 4 allow the construction of a compact calorimeter with fine granularity. The PbWO 4 properties were improved during a long R&D project in collaboration with the producers in Russia (BTCP in Bogoroditsk) and China (SIC in Shanghai), leading to the mass production of optically clear, fast, and radiationtolerant crystals [14,15]. The PbWO 4 crystals emit blue-green scintillation light with a broad maximum at wavelengths 420-430 nm.…”

Section: The Cms Electromagnetic Calorimetermentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy calibration and resolution of the CMS electromagnetic calorimeter in pp collisions at √s= 7 TeV

Chatrchyan¹,

Khachatryan²,

Sirunyan³

et al. 2013

J. Inst.

172

155

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The energy calibration and resolution of the electromagnetic calorimeter (ECAL) of the CMS detector have been determined using proton-proton collision data from LHC operation in 2010 and 2011 at a centre-of-mass energy of √ s = 7 TeV with integrated luminosities of about 5 fb −1 . Crucial aspects of detector operation, such as the environmental stability, alignment, and synchronization, are presented. The in-situ calibration procedures are discussed in detail and include the maintenance of the calibration in the challenging radiation environment inside the CMS detector. The energy resolution for electrons from Z-boson decays is better than 2% in the central region of the ECAL barrel (for pseudorapidity |η| < 0.8) and is 2-5% elsewhere. The derived energy resolution for photons from 125 GeV Higgs boson decays varies across the barrel from 1.1% to 2.6% and from 2.2% to 5% in the endcaps. The calibration of the absolute energy is determined from Z → e + e − decays to a precision of 0.4% in the barrel and 0.8% in the endcaps.

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Section: The Cms Electromagnetic Calorimetermentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy calibration and resolution of the CMS electromagnetic calorimeter in pp collisions at √s= 7 TeV

Chatrchyan¹,

Khachatryan²,

Sirunyan³

et al. 2013

J. Inst.

172

155

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“…Three characteristic crystals, widely used as scintillating materials, are selected: lead tungstate (PbWO 4 ), aluminum perovskite (YAlO 3 ), and Y or Lu orthosilicates (Y 2 SiO 5 /Lu 2 SiO 5 ). They are extensively applied in different technical fields as effective and fast scintillators 4–9. They are also used as good model crystals for investigation of lattice point defects and charge trapping phenomena in wide band‐gap insulating materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electron spin resonance of paramagnetic defects and related charge carrier traps in complex oxide scintillators

Laguta

Nikl

2013

Physica Status Solidi (b)

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In the family of application‐important complex, oxide single crystal scintillators based on tungstates, aluminum perovskites, and yttrium (lutetium) orthosilicates, selected results of electron spin resonance study are presented. They are focused on various point defects, which participate in the processes of charge carriers transfer and capture. Particular attention is paid to the most natural defects inevitably present in oxide materials such as anion and cation vacancies, antisite defects, self‐trapped electron, and hole states. Current understanding of the nature of such charge trapping states and mechanisms of their creation in the selected oxide scintillation materials are discussed as well.

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“…The solution of (1) is (2) where is the total density of the trap related to the center and is its initial density. The color center density in equilibrium depends on the dose rate applied…”

Section: Radiation Damagementioning

confidence: 99%

“…After extensive R&D, PWO crystals are now in mass production. A few tens of thousands crystals have been produced at Bogoroditsk Techno-Chemical Plant (BTCP) in Tula, Russia, for the CMS experiment at CERN [2]. Shanghai Institute of Ceramics (SIC) in Shanghai, China, has produced a few thousand crystals for the PrimEx experiment at Jefferson laboratory [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quality of mass-produced lead tungstate crystals

Mao

Zhang

Zhu

2004

IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci.

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Abstract-Because of the broad interest in high energy and nuclear physics community, mass production capacities of lead tungstate crystals have been established. The optical and scintillation properties of lead tungstate crystals, 20 each from two major vendors, were evaluated. The transmittance, emission and excitation spectra, light output and light response uniformity of these samples were measured. The degradations of these properties under irradiation, and the emission weighted radiation induced absorption coefficient ( ) were also studied. It was found that currently mass-produced lead tungstate crystals are radiation hard enough for radiation environments where expected dose rates do not exceed a few hundred rad/h.

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Status of the PWO crystal production from Russia for CMS-ECAL

Cited by 9 publications

References 2 publications

Energy calibration and resolution of the CMS electromagnetic calorimeter in pp collisions at √s= 7 TeV

Energy calibration and resolution of the CMS electromagnetic calorimeter in pp collisions at √s= 7 TeV

Electron spin resonance of paramagnetic defects and related charge carrier traps in complex oxide scintillators

Quality of mass-produced lead tungstate crystals

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