Status of theileriosis among herbivores in Iran: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

Aim:Theileriosis is a protozoal disease caused by Theileria spp. mostly in warm-blooded vertebrates worldwide. It is one of the common tick-borne diseases among domestic animals in tropical and sub-tropical regions, which have a variety of unlikable effects on health economy and animal welfare. In the present study, the prevalence of theileriosis among domestic farm animals in Iran was systematically evaluated.Methods:To identify the related papers, 10 English and Persian databases, including PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science, Medical Subject Headings, Google Scholar, Magiran, Barakatns (formerly Iranmedex), Elm net, and Scientific Information Database, were appraised for articles published throughout 1999-2017.Results:A total of 56 papers, providing the examination of 11,317 cattle, 9394 sheep, 2991 buffaloes, 1504 horses, 600 goats, and 212 donkeys were analyzed, matching for the prevalence of theileriosis from different parts of Iran were permitted for our allowing checklist. The overall prevalence of theileriosis among domestic herbivores was expected to be 19% (95% confidence interval: 15%, 22%). Our findings highlighted the average of the maximum prevalence in Razavi Khorasan (60.4%) and West Azerbaijan (49.1%) and the minimum in Mazandaran (1.1%) and East Azerbaijan provinces (2.2%), respectively. The high prevalence of Theileria infection in the herbivores (mainly sheep) verifies the well-known enzootic episode of theileriosis in Iran, predominantly in northeastern and western parts of the country.Conclusion:Our results suggested updated and imperative information on the true burden of theileriosis in Iran. Moreover, it could be supporting the gaps among monitoring, prevention, and control arrangements to improve the health economy, particularly among dairy farm animals.

Theileriosis prevalence status in cattle and buffaloes in India established by systematic review and meta-analysis

“…The pooled estimates for theileriosis prevalence was 20% [95% level, CI 16-25%, PI 2-74%] in India and no studies with meta-analysis are available for comparison. However, a lower theileriosis prevalence of 14% was reported in cattle from Iran based on a meta-analysis (Soosaraei et al 2018). The prevalence of theileriosis was higher when compared to other tick-borne diseases namely, anaplasmosis [11%] prevalence by meta-analysis (Krishnamoorthy et al 2019a) and lower in comparison to Babesiosis [29%] in the World by meta-analysis (Jacob et al 2020).…”

First Molecular Evidence of Theileria Lestoquardi in Small Ruminants in Northern Iran

“…Among the species of Theileria, the most virulent and the main cause of fatal disease is T. piroplasms can be di cult to diagnose through direct examination and on the other hand, morphologically, they are very similar to microscopy, so they can be distinguished from each other using serological and molecular methods. (Soosaraei et al 2018). In the present study, we used peripheral blood smear and molecular methods for detection of Theileria spp.…”

“…Mazandaran and Golestan are endemic for Babesia and Theileria vectors, and the livestock industry is a common tradition, accounting for roughly half of the industrial in this regions. In some of the world and in different parts of Iran, T. lestoquardi is considered as a main causal agent of theileriosis in small ruminants (Shayan and Rahbari 2007;Soosaraei et al 2018;GohNgugi et al 2016;LeemansBrown et al 1999;Razmi and Yaghfoori 2013). While some studies found T. ovis to be more prevalent than T. Lestoquardi, they also found mixed infection in 3% of cases and explained the main role of Theileria spp.…”

Tick-Borne Diseases of Humans and Animals in West Africa

“…Theileriosis is a tropical disease caused by obligate intracellular haemoprotozoa of Theileria genus that infect both leukocytes and erythrocytes and are transmitted by hard tick genera, mainly Amblyomma, Haemaphysalis, Hyalomma, and Rhipicephalus [177]. Wild and domestic ruminants are the main hosts in which infections cause enlargement of the lymph nodes, fever, anaemia, jaundice, leukopaenia, pulmonary oedema, lethargy, thrombocytopenia, and death [178].…”