Status update on the development of METIS, the mid-infrared ELT imager and spectrograph

Brandl, Bernhard R.; Bettonvil, Felix; Boekel, R. van; Glauser, Adrian M.; Quanz, Sascha P.; Absil, Olivier; Feldt, M.; Garcia, Paulo J. V.; Glasse, Alistair; Guêdel, M.; Labadie, Lucas; Meyer, Michael; Pantin, E.; Wang, Shiang‐Yu; Winckel, H. Van; Agócs, Tibor; Amorim, A.; Bertram, Thomas; Burtscher, L.; Delacroix, Christian; Laun, W.; Lesman, Dirk; Raskin, Gert; Salo, Chad; Scheithauer, S.; Stuik, Remko; Todd, Stephen; Haupt, Christoph; Siebenmorgen, R.

doi:10.1117/12.2628331

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Image slicers have been used for ground-based telescopes in recent decades, operating at different spectral ranges from the infrared to UV/visible, for a wide variety of science cases. Some examples are shown in Figure 3 and include the following: VLT CUBES [90], BlueMUSE [91] and MUSE [92]; GTC FRIDA [93]; GNIRS at Gemini North Telescope or ELT HARMONI [94] and METIS [95] for night-time observation. For solar physics, image slicers were first proposed for the integral field spectrograph [96,97] of the European Solar Telescope, which provides optical observations.…”

Section: Image Slicer Technology In the Euv Regimementioning

confidence: 99%

Spectral Imager of the Solar Atmosphere: The First Extreme-Ultraviolet Solar Integral Field Spectrograph Using Slicers

Calcines Rosario,

Auchère,

Corso

et al. 2024

Aerospace

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Particle acceleration, and the thermalisation of energetic particles, are fundamental processes across the universe. Whilst the Sun is an excellent object to study this phenomenon, since it is the most energetic particle accelerator in the Solar System, this phenomenon arises in many other astrophysical objects, such as active galactic nuclei, black holes, neutron stars, gamma ray bursts, solar and stellar coronae, accretion disks and planetary magnetospheres. Observations in the Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) are essential for these studies but can only be made from space. Current spectrographs operating in the EUV use an entrance slit and cover the required field of view using a scanning mechanism. This results in a relatively slow image cadence in the order of minutes to capture inherently rapid and transient processes, and/or in the spectrograph slit ‘missing the action’. The application of image slicers for EUV integral field spectrographs is therefore revolutionary. The development of this technology will enable the observations of EUV spectra from an entire 2D field of view in seconds, over two orders of magnitude faster than what is currently possible. The Spectral Imaging of the Solar Atmosphere (SISA) instrument is the first integral field spectrograph proposed for observations at ∼180 Å combining the image slicer technology and curved diffraction gratings in a highly efficient and compact layout, while providing important spectroscopic diagnostics for the characterisation of solar coronal and flare plasmas. SISA’s characteristics, main challenges, and the on-going activities to enable the image slicer technology for EUV applications are presented in this paper.

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Section: Image Slicer Technology In the Euv Regimementioning

confidence: 99%

Spectral Imager of the Solar Atmosphere: The First Extreme-Ultraviolet Solar Integral Field Spectrograph Using Slicers

Calcines Rosario,

Auchère,

Corso

et al. 2024

Aerospace

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“…Looking even further ahead, the European Southern Observatory's planned 39.3-m Extremely Large Telescope (ELT) first-generation instruments will include the Mid-infrared ELT Imager and Spectrograph (METIS) [303]. METIS promises to provide diffraction-limited imaging and medium resolution slit-spectroscopy from 3 to 13 µm (covering the M and N bands), as well as high resolution (R∼100,000) integral field spectroscopy (IFU) from 2.9 to 5.3 µm [304]. N-band imaging will be capable of an amazing 6.8-mas (milli-arcsecond) angular resolution over a 13.5 × 13.5 field of view (FoV).…”

Section: Matured Mid-infrared Observing From the Groundmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Likewise, the even narrower FoV of the M-band IFU (0.58 × 0.93 ) will be optimal for analyzing small-scale, 5-µm atmospheric features with unprecedented resolution from the ground. With METIS' first light expected in 2028 [304], the complementary capabilities of MIMIZUKU, VISIR, and METIS promise exciting advances in mid-infrared observations from the ground over the next decade.…”

Section: Matured Mid-infrared Observing From the Groundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mid-Infrared Observations of the Giant Planets

Roman

2023

Remote Sensing

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The mid-infrared spectral region provides a unique window into the atmospheric temperature, chemistry, and dynamics of the giant planets. From more than a century of mid-infrared remote sensing, progressively clearer pictures of the composition and thermal structure of these atmospheres have emerged, along with a greater insight into the processes that shape them. Our knowledge of Jupiter and Saturn has benefitted from their proximity and relatively warm temperatures, while the details of colder and more distant Uranus and Neptune are limited as these planets remain challenging targets. As the timeline of observations continues to grow, an understanding of the temporal and seasonal variability of the giant planets is beginning to develop with promising new observations on the horizon.

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“…The goal of this case study was to explore the design freedom and challenges of using AM to create lightweight opto-mechanical structures for future instruments related to the next generation of 30 m class telescopes: the ELT, the Giant Magellan Telescope and the Thirty Meter Telescope. The specific case study focussed on a three mirror anastigmat (TMA) assembly within the mid-infrared ELT imager and spectrograph 25 (METIS) instrument. The objectives in using AM for this case were:…”

Section: Design Briefmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the role of additive manufacturing in the development of astronomical hardware

Atkins,

Chahid,

Wells

et al. 2023

Astronomical Optics: Design, Manufacture, and Test of Space and Ground Systems IV

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Lightweight optical manufacture is no longer confined to the conventional subtractive (mill and drill), formative (casting and forging) and fabricative (bonding and fixing) manufacturing methods. Additive manufacturing (AM; 3D printing), creating a part layer-by-layer, provides new opportunities to reduce mass and combine multiple parts into one structure. Frequently, modern astronomical telescopes and instruments, ground- and space-based, are limited in mass and volume, and are complex to assemble, which are limitations that can benefit from AM. However, there are challenges to overcome before AM is considered a conventional method of manufacture, for example, upskilling engineers, increasing the technology readiness level via AM case studies, and understanding the AM build process to deliver the required material properties. This paper describes current progress within a four-year research programme that has the goal to explore these challenges towards creating a strategy for AM adoption within astronomical hardware. Working with early-career engineers, case studies have been undertaken which focus on lightweight AM aluminium mirror manufacture and optical mountings. In parallel, the aluminium AM build parameters have been investigated to understand which combination of parameters results in AM parts with consistent material properties and low defects. Metrology results from two AM case studies will be summarised: the optical characteristics of a lightweighted aluminium mirror intended for in-orbit deployment from a nanosat; and the AM build quality of wire arc additive manufacture for use in an optomechanical housing. Finally, an analysis of how surface roughness from AM mirror samples and build parameters are linked will be discussed.

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Status update on the development of METIS, the mid-infrared ELT imager and spectrograph

Cited by 6 publications

References 32 publications

Spectral Imager of the Solar Atmosphere: The First Extreme-Ultraviolet Solar Integral Field Spectrograph Using Slicers

Spectral Imager of the Solar Atmosphere: The First Extreme-Ultraviolet Solar Integral Field Spectrograph Using Slicers

Mid-Infrared Observations of the Giant Planets

Understanding the role of additive manufacturing in the development of astronomical hardware

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