STDs Among Illicit Drug Users in the United States: The Need for Interventions

Semaan, Salaam; C., Ph.D. C. Des Jarlais Don; Malow, Robert M.

doi:10.1007/978-0-387-48740-3_17

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 175 publications

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“…These results are inconsistent with some global studies suggesting that the use of particular illicit drugs is associated with increased sexual risk (Bogart et al, 2005; Zule et al, 2007). However, the TLFB used in this study did not differentiate between the different types of other drugs used, and it is likely that specific types of drugs, like cocaine and methamphetamine, are associated with risk, given their potential to increase sexual arousal and stamina (Zule et al, 2007), whereas others (e.g., heroin) impede sexual activity (Ross and Williams, 2001; Semaan et al, 2007). Our results may also be due to the relatively low levels of drug use in this sample (only 3.6% of all days were other drug use days).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Daily co-occurrence of alcohol use and high-risk sexual behavior among heterosexual, heavy drinking emergency department patients

Wray

Celio

Kahler

et al. 2015

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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Background Global association and experimental studies suggest that alcohol use may increase sexual behavior that poses risk for exposure to sexually-transmitted infections (STI) among heterosexual men and women. However, results from longitudinal and daily recall studies exploring the co-occurrence of alcohol use with various sexual risk outcomes in more naturalistic contexts have been mixed, and the bulk of this research has focused on college students. Methods The current study enrolled heavy-drinking emergency department (ED) patients and used a cross-sectional, 30-day Timeline Followback (TLFB) method to examine the daily co-occurrence between alcohol use and three sexual behavior outcomes: Any sex, unprotected intercourse (UI), and UI with casual partners (vs. protected intercourse [PI] with casual partners, or UI/PI with steady partners). Results Results indicated that increasing levels of alcohol use on a given day increased the odds of engaging in any sexual activity and that heavy drinking (but not very heavy drinking) on a given day was associated with an increased odds of engaging in UI with either steady or casual partners. However, day-level alcohol use was not associated with an increased odds of UI with casual partners. Conclusions These findings suggest that alcohol may play an important role in increasing risk for HIV/STIs among heterosexuals, and support the continued need to target heavy drinking in sex risk reduction interventions. However, our results also suggest that alcohol may not universally result in unprotected sex with casual partners, a behavior posing perhaps the highest risk for HIV/STI transmission.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Daily co-occurrence of alcohol use and high-risk sexual behavior among heterosexual, heavy drinking emergency department patients

Wray

Celio

Kahler

et al. 2015

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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“…Female IDUs had 13% higher incidence of syphilis, gonorrhea and Chlamydia, STIs not directly transmitted by injection drug use than non-IDUs in a sample of drug users (18). Recent cohort studies have refined our understanding of the relationship between risky sexual behavior and drug use, particularly among women.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some drug use may precede inconsistent condom use and is often associated with prolonged intercourse. While cocaine and heroin have been reported to increase as well as depress sexual arousal, with either effect often coupled with a decrease in performance (18, 23), methamphetamine has been reported to increase libido without hindering sexual performance, prolonging stamina(18). Methamphetamine use in non-IDU has been associated with a number of HIV-risk behaviors, some of which include sex with multiple partners and decreased condom use, as well as trauma associated with prolonged intercourse (24).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variations in sexual risks in drug users: Emerging themes in a behavioral context

Celentano

Latimore²,

Mehta³

2008

Curr HIV/AIDS Rep

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Drug users are an especially complex population among those studied in HIV-risk behavior research. While injection drug use accounts for over one-third of cumulative HIV transmission in the U.S., the scope of the direct and indirect impact of all drug use is difficult to quantify, especially in relation to attributing HIV to either drug use directly via parenteral exposures or indirectly, through unsafe sex. Important behavioral issues such as social and drug network overlaps, partner selection and the combinations of illicit drugs with erectile dysfunction medications have added complexity to the studying of sexual behavior in drug users. This review covers recent substantive research in the U.S. and Canada on current themes in sexual risk behavior in injection drug and non-injection drug users. We address gender, situational and sexual preference factors that may influence sexual behaviors affecting HIV risk by class of drug and route of administration. Special attention is paid to minority populations, both sexual and race/ethnicity, as their marginalized role in contemporary society places special barriers for risk reduction.

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“…The studies vary not only in geographic location (with associated variation in HIV prevalence), but in subject recruitment methods, whether injecting and noninjecting drug users were included in the sample (often without separate analyses), whether types of noninjecting drug use other than crack cocaine were included in the sample, and in age restrictions for the sample. 11 Given the evidence for elevated rates of HSV-2 among drug users, and the linkages of HSV-2 to sexual transmission of HIV, it is important to develop a better understanding of the relationships between HSV-2 and HIV among both injecting and noninjecting drug users.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender and Age Patterns in HSV-2 and HIV Infection Among Non-Injecting Drug Users in New York City

Jarlais¹,

Arasteh²,

McKnight³

et al. 2010

Sexually Transmitted Diseases

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Objective To examine prevalence of and associations between herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infection and HIV infection among never-injecting heroin and cocaine drug users (NIDUs) in New York City. Methods Subjects were recruited from patients entering the Beth Israel drug detoxification program. Informed consent was obtained, a structured questionnaire including demographics, drug use history, and sexual risk behavior was administered, and a blood sample was collected for HIV and HSV-2 antibody testing. Results A total of 1418 subjects who had never (lifetime) injected drugs (NIDUs) were recruited between July 2005 through June 2009. Subjects were primarily male (76%), and black (67%) or Hispanic (25%), reported recent crack cocaine use (74%), and had a mean age of 42 years. Eleven percent of males reported male-with-male sexual (MSM) behavior. The prevalence of both viruses was high: for HSV-2, 61% among the total sample, 50% among non-MSM males, 85% among females, and 72% among MSM; for HIV, 16% among the total sample, 12% among non-MSM males, 20% among females, and 46% among MSM. HSV-2 was associated with HIV (OR = 3.2, 95% CI: 2.3–4.5; PR = 2.7, 95% CI: 2.0–3.7). Analyses by gender and age groups indicated different patterns in mono- and coinfection for the 2 viruses. Discussion HSV-2 and HIV rates among these NIDUs are comparable with rates in sub-Saharan Africa. Additional prevention programs, tailored to gender and age groups, are urgently needed. New platforms for providing services to NIDUs are also needed.

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STDs Among Illicit Drug Users in the United States: The Need for Interventions

Cited by 13 publications

References 175 publications

Daily co-occurrence of alcohol use and high-risk sexual behavior among heterosexual, heavy drinking emergency department patients

Daily co-occurrence of alcohol use and high-risk sexual behavior among heterosexual, heavy drinking emergency department patients

Variations in sexual risks in drug users: Emerging themes in a behavioral context

Gender and Age Patterns in HSV-2 and HIV Infection Among Non-Injecting Drug Users in New York City

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