Steady natural convection in a two-layer system of immiscible liquids

Differential cooling drives large‐scale convective circulation in Lake Tanganyika

“…This confirms the applicability of the long-box conceptual model of circulation in Lake Tanganyika, where the convective flow dominates over the wind-induced velocities as indicated by the shear parameter B. Note we have assumed the base of the convective cell to be at the level at which a longitudinal temperature gradient is no longer observed, where the stratification reduces the eddy viscosity sufficiently resulting in a two-layer convective limit (Prakash and Koster 1997) at this depth. It is not possible, however, to define an exact lower limit of the convective cell, because there is no rigid bottom, and currents are induced due to viscous effects in some locations down to 150-m depth (Fig.…”

Natural convection in a vertically divided square enclosure by a solid partition into air and water regions

“…Moshkin [18] used finite difference approximation of the Navier-Stokes equations under the Boussinesq-fluid assumption to simulate the flow and heat transfer in a two-layer system of an immiscible fluid. This problem also analyzed by different authors as Prakash and Koster [19,20], Richer [21], Richer and McKenzie [22], Dobretsov and Kyrdyashkin [23], Csereper and Rabinovich [24], Csereper et al [25].…”

Effects of inclination angle on conduction—natural convection in divided enclosures filled with different fluids

“…Validation of the present code was performed by two different studies from available literature as Kaminski and Prakash [19] and Sanchez et al [20]. In their case, the cavity is filled with single viscous fluid and bounded by single or double walls with finite length and thermal conductivity.…”

“…This case can be referred to cooling problem of internal combustion engines (one side filled with oil and the other side cooling water), cooling of electronic heaters (air in one side and cooling fluid in the other side) or solar collector (air in one side and phase change material to store heat in liquid phase in the other side). To the best of the author's knowledge, there is no study in the literature investigating the natural convection of two different fluid filled enclosures except natural convection in a two-layer system of immiscible liquids by Moshkin [18] and Prakash and Koster [19]. Thus, the main aim of the present study is to investigate the natural convection fully divided with a partition in an enclosure filled with different fluids.…”

“…They indicated that inclination angle has a strong influence on heat transfer. Other studies can be found on natural convection in enclosures with single or multiple partitions in literature [17][18][19][20][21].…”