Steady state and transient simulation of anion exchange membrane fuel cells

Dekel, Dario R.; Rasin, Igal G.; Page, Miles; Brandon, Simon

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2017.07.012

Cited by 115 publications

(132 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Those models were validated at low and moderate current densities, at which the carbonate process effect might be significant. A recent study reported a numerical model able to simulate AEMFC experimental polarization data, as well as transient data for cells operating at high current densities . However, none of these models consider the effect of atmospheric CO 2 on the AEM and assume pure OH − ‐form AEM and pure O 2 cathode gas; hence, they are not able to take into account the carbonation process that may occur if the cell is operated with ambient air containing CO 2 .…”

Section: Aemfc Models Simulating the Hco3−/co32− Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ar ecent study reported an umerical model able to simulate AEMFC experimental polarization data, as well as transient data for cells operating at high current densities. [82,83] However, none of these modelsc onsider the effect of atmospheric CO 2 on the AEM and assumep ure OH À -form AEM and pure O 2 cathode gas;h ence, they are not able to take into account the carbonation processt hat may occur if the cell is operated with ambient air containing CO 2 .T here have been af ew models that do account for the effects of CO 2 ,a nd thesec an be divided into two types:1 )modelsd ealing with the properties of an AEM that is not in an operating fuel cell (ex situ);a nd 2) models dealingw ith the effect of CO 2 on the fuel cell performance. Ac omparison between different aspects of each model is presented in Ta ble 4.…”

Section: à Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, for ag iven constantc urrent density,a st he AEM thickness increased, the equivalent ratio of CO 3 2À in the membrane decreased. This is due to differences in hydration profiles across the membrane obtained in AEMs of differentt hicknesses, [83] which shifts the equilibrium towards OH À formation.…”

Section: Models Includingt He Effect Of Feeding Co 2 To Operating Aemfcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effect of Ambient Carbon Dioxide on Anion‐Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

2018

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Over the past 10 years, there has been a surge of interest in anion-exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs) as a potentially lower cost alternative to proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Recent work has shown that AEMFCs achieve nearly identical performance to that of state-of-the-art PEMFCs; however, much of that data has been collected while feeding CO -free air or pure oxygen to the cathode. Usually, removing CO from the oxidant is done to avoid the detrimental effect of CO on AEMFC performance, through carbonation, whereby CO reacts with the OH anions to form HCO and CO . In spite of the crucial importance of this topic for the future development and commercialization of AEMFCs, unfortunately there have been very few investigations devoted to this phenomenon and its effects. Much of the data available is widely spread out and there currently does not exist a resource that researchers in the field, or those looking to enter the field, can use as a reference text that explains the complex influence of CO and HCO /CO on all aspects of AEMFC performance. The purpose of this Review is to summarize the experimental and theoretical work reported to date on the effect of ambient CO on AEMFCs. This systematic Review aims to create a single comprehensive account of what is known regarding how CO behaves in AEMFCs, to date, as well as identify the most important areas for future work in this field.

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Section: Aemfc Models Simulating the Hco3−/co32− Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: à Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Models Includingt He Effect Of Feeding Co 2 To Operating Aemfcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effect of Ambient Carbon Dioxide on Anion‐Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

2018

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“…Within the past 5 years, AAEM conductivities have widely been reported from 50 to 100 mS/cm, with some even as high as 200 mS/cm [29,30]. This is in part due to (a) a focus on optimizing AEM chemistry, (b) advancements in understanding the relationship between conductivity and water uptake and (c) improved conductivity measurement techniques [16,29,31,32]. Given that higher AAEM conductivities have been correlated with increased water update, up to a plateau around 100 mS/cm at which point the water update dilutes the ionic charge and reduces conductivity, by ensuring sufficient hydration at the cathode of a fuel cell, improved conductivities can be achieved [29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of the synthesis and characterization of anion exchange membranes

2018

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This review highlights advancements made in anion exchange membrane (AEM) head groups, polymer structures and membrane synthesis methods. Limitations of current analytical techniques for characterizing AEMs are also discussed. AEM research is primarily driven by the need to develop suitable AEMs for the high-pH and high-temperature environments in anion exchange membrane fuel cells and anion exchange membrane water electrolysis applications. AEM head groups can be broadly classified as nitrogen based (e.g. quaternary ammonium), nitrogen free (e.g. phosphonium) and metal cations (e.g. ruthenium). Metal cation head groups show great promise for AEM due to their high stability and high valency. Through ''rational polymer architecture'', it is possible to synthesize AEMs with ion channels and improved chemical stability. Heterogeneous membranes using porous supports or inorganic nanoparticles show great promise due to the ability to tune membrane characteristics based on the ratio of polymer to porou2s support or nanoparticles. Future research should investigate consolidating advancements in AEM head groups with an optimized polymer structure in heterogeneous membranes to bring together the valuable characteristics gained from using head groups with improved chemical stability, with the benefits of a polymer structure with ion channels and improved membrane properties from using a porous support or nanoparticles. AbbreviationsAAEM Alkaline anion exchange membrane AEM Anion exchange membrane AEMFC Anion exchange membrane fuel cell AEMWE Anion exchange membrane water electrolysis CEM Cation exchange membrane DSC Differential scanning calorimetry IEC Ion exchange capacity (mmol/g) IEM Ion exchange membrane PEMFC Proton exchange membrane fuel cell

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“…However, very few studies have focused on the durability of the electrocatalysts used in AFC and AWE systems, the usual belief being that alkaline environment prevents severe degradations of electrode materials (for anion exchange membranes, the community is well aware of the issues at stake 17,18 ). However, the durability of electrodes in alkaline environment is not granted, as already put forth in the past, both for PGM 19,20 and non-PGM 21 electrodes, at least in liquid hydroxide electrolytes.…”

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confidence: 99%

Degradation of Carbon-Supported Platinum-Group-Metal Electrocatalysts in Alkaline Media Studied by in Situ Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Identical-Location Transmission Electron Microscopy

et al. 2019

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Alkaline fuel cells and electrolyzers attract increasing attention of the electrochemical community, and one of their supposed advantages is their larger electrode materials stability than for their proton-exchange membrane analogues. However, stability of the core materials of fuel cells and electrolyzers in alkaline environment is not granted and remains understudied so far.Herein, using in situ Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), identical-location transmission electron microscopy (IL-TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and CO ads stripping techniques, we provide physical and chemical evidences that Pt-based nanocatalysts catalyze the electrochemical corrosion of the carbon support (Vulcan XC72). This is due to more facile oxidation of oxygen-containing surface groups of the carbon support upon adsorption of hydroxyl groups on the Pt-based surface. The degradation mechanism is, to some extent, similar for other carbon-supported Pt group metal (PGM) electrocatalysts. We propose that the extent of degradation of PGM/C nanoparticles in alkaline electrolytes scales with the electrocatalyst's activity to electrooxidize CO, thereby providing a marker of the materials propensity to degradation in alkaline environment.

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Steady state and transient simulation of anion exchange membrane fuel cells

Cited by 115 publications

References 36 publications

The Effect of Ambient Carbon Dioxide on Anion‐Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

The Effect of Ambient Carbon Dioxide on Anion‐Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

A review of the synthesis and characterization of anion exchange membranes

Degradation of Carbon-Supported Platinum-Group-Metal Electrocatalysts in Alkaline Media Studied by in Situ Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Identical-Location Transmission Electron Microscopy

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