Steady-state countercurrent flow in one dimension

Eastwood, John; Spanos, T. J. T.

doi:10.1007/bf00179279

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…While this effect is in principle present for any flow situation (Zhang et al 2008), its magnitude varies from situation to situation. It is found to be most significant in countercurrent flow (Eastwood and Spanos 1991). -Relative permeabilities were introduced as parameters for scaling saturated permeability such that 0 ≤ k r α ≤ 1.…”

Section: Known Limitations Of the Two-phase Darcy Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Two-Phase Darcy’s Law with a Thermodynamically Consistent Approach

2011

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The extended Darcy's law is a commonly used equation for the description of immiscible two-phase flow in porous media. It dates back to the 1940s and is essentially an empirical relationship. According to the extended Darcy's law, pressure gradient and gravity are the only driving forces for the flow of each fluid. Within the last two decades, more advanced and physically based descriptions for multiphase flow in porous media have been developed. In this work, the extended Darcy's law is compared to a thermodynamically consistent approach which explicitly takes the important role of phase interfaces into account, both as entities and as parameters. In this theoretically derived approach, forces related to capillarity and interfaces appear as driving/resisting forces, in addition to the traditional terms. It turns out that the extended Darcy's law and the thermodynamically based approach are compatible if either (i) relative permeabilities are a function of saturation only, but capillary pressure is a function of saturation and specific interfacial area or (ii) relative permeabilities are a function of saturation and saturation gradients. Theoretical considerations suggest that the former alternative is only valid in case of reversible displacement while in the general case (irreversible displacement), the latter alternative is relevant. Keywords

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Section: Known Limitations Of the Two-phase Darcy Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Two-Phase Darcy’s Law with a Thermodynamically Consistent Approach

2011

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“…This reduction was attributed to the differences in the viscous coupling between the two flow settings. Eastwood and Spanos (1991) conducted two-phase flow experiments based on previous modeling done by de la Cruz and Spanos (1983), and their experiments revealed that relative permeability in countercurrent flow settings is less than in cocurrent flow settings. They concluded that relative permeabilities for oil in counter-current flow is always less than for cocurrent flow setting.…”

Section: Relative Permeability and Counter-current Flowmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling and Simulation of WAG Injection Processes - The Role of Counter-Current Flow

Sherafati

Jessen

2015

SPE Western Regional Meeting

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In this work, we investigate the effect of flow reversals from co-current to counter-current flow on the displacement performance of Water Alternating Gas (WAG) injection processes. In WAG processes, gas migrates towards the top of the formation while water tends to move towards the bottom of the formation. The segregation of gas, oil and water phases will result in counter-current flow occurring in the vertical direction in the reservoir. Previous experimental and theoretical studies of counter-current flow have shown that the relative mobility of each of the phases in the system is considerably less when counter-current flow prevails as compared to co-current flow settings. A reduction of relative permeability in the vertical direction results in a dynamic anisotropy in relative mobility. This effect has, to the best of our knowledge, not previously been considered in the simulation of WAG processes.A new flow model that accounts for flow reversals in the vertical direction has been introduced into a three-phase compositional IMPEC simulator. In order to investigate the impact of flow reversals, results from the new flow model are compared to cases where counter-current flow effects are ignored. A range of displacement settings, covering relevant gravity numbers and miscibility conditions (near-miscible and multi-contact miscible), have been investigated to gauge the impact of mobility reductions due to flow reversals. Simulations with different slug sizes are also included in this study. Significant differences, in terms of saturation distribution and oil recoveries, are observed between the conventional flow model (ignoring mobility reductions due to counter-current flow) and the proposed new model accounting for counter-current flow effects on phase mibilty in the vertical direction. Accordingly, we recommend that an explicit representation of flow transitions between co-current and counter-current flow (and the related impact on phase mobilities) should be considered to ensure accurate and optimal design of Water Alternating Gas injection processes.

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“…They attributed this reduction of relative permeabilities in countercurrent flow to viscous coupling that acts differently in co-current and counter-current flow settings. Eastwood and Spanos (1991) studied two-phase flow in porous media and found that the relative permeability in counter-current flow is less than the relative permeability in co-current flow. Based on the two-phase flow model of de la Cruz and Spanos (1983), they derived that the Muskat relative permeabilities for oil in counter-current flow settings are less than those for co-current flow settings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Integration of counter-current relative permeability in the simulation of CO2 injection into saline aquifers

Javaheri¹,

Jessen²

2011

International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control

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Steady-state countercurrent flow in one dimension

Cited by 14 publications

References 12 publications

Comparison of Two-Phase Darcy’s Law with a Thermodynamically Consistent Approach

Comparison of Two-Phase Darcy’s Law with a Thermodynamically Consistent Approach

Modeling and Simulation of WAG Injection Processes - The Role of Counter-Current Flow

Integration of counter-current relative permeability in the simulation of CO2 injection into saline aquifers

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