Steady State Load Shedding to Prevent Blackout in the Power System using Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm

Abstract

Real and reactive power deficiencies due to generation and overload contingencies in a power system may decline the system frequency and the system voltage. During these contingencies cascaded failures may occur which will lead to complete blackout of certain parts of the power system. Under such situations load shedding is considered as an emergency control action that is necessary to prevent a blackout in the power system by relieving overload in some parts of the system. The aim of this paper is to minimize the amount of load shed during generation and overload contingencies using a new meta-heuristic optimization algorithm known as artificial bee colony algorithm (ABC). The optimal solution for the problem of steady state load shedding is done by taking squares of the difference between the connected and supplied real and reactive power. The supplied active and reactive powers are treated as dependent variables modeled as functions of bus voltages only. The proposed algorithm is tested on IEEE 14, 30, 57, and 118 bus test systems. The applicability of the proposed method is demonstrated by comparison with the other conventional methods reported earlier in terms of solution quality and convergence properties. The comparison shows that the proposed algorithm gives better solutions and can be recommended as one of the optimization algorithms that can be used for optimal load shedding.

Power Prioritization and Load Shedding in an Island with RESs Using ABC Algorithm

“…Figure 10 shows an observation of the line active and reactive power losses before, during the overload contingency, and after load shedding. When compared to the losses recorded by [6], this approach records lower losses, which is in line of minimizing system losses and load to be shed. From the figure, a total Power generated (MW) Figure 7: Losses versus generated power.…”

“…Undervoltage Load Shedding (UVLS) and Underfrequency Load Shedding (UFLS) are the criteria mainly used for load shedding [5]. rough the shedding of some loads, the perturbed system is forced to settle to a new state of equilibrium [6]. However, for any method of load shedding to be successful, the amount to be shed should be optimal, at the correct location and be done on the right time so as to prevent any possibility of voltage instability and also avoid losing the customer trust in the utility company [7,8].…”

“…In [5], the author used a combination of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Genetic Algorithm (GA) to find an optimal amount of load to be shed in smart grids under stress. e sum of squares of the difference between the connected loads and the supplied power and ABC algorithm to arrive at the optimal amount of load to be shed during a contingency is proposed in [6]. However, in this case, the priority of important loads and buses was not considered in the study before shedding of the loads.…”

A critical review of the state‐of‐art schemes for under voltage load shedding

“…42,43 Voltage collapse is a major challenge for power system operators. [44][45][46][47] Factors such as changing nature loads, dependency on generation remotely positioned away from load centers, and natural load growth increase the risk of voltage collapse. 41,48 The risk of voltage instability further rises because of heavily overburdened power networks and jams during failures and outages.…”

Under voltage load shedding using hybrid ABC-PSO algorithm for voltage stability enhancement

“…An ABC algorithm proposed in [ 18 ] showed that higher power transfer to heavily loaded buses was achieved as compared to conventional methods, namely projected augmented Lagrangian method (PALM) and the gradient-technique based on Kuhn-Tucker theorem (GTBKTT). However, the voltage operation conditions achieved ranged from 0.95 to 1.17 p.u., falling outside the required range for voltage stability to be maintained.…”