Steady-state measurement of the effective particle density of cigarette smoke

Johnson, Tyler J.; Olfert, Jason S.; Cabot, Ross; Treacy, Conor; Yurteri, Caner Ü.; Dickens, Colin; McAughey, John; Symonds, Jonathan P. R.

doi:10.1016/j.jaerosci.2014.04.006

Cited by 47 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The dilution corrected particle number concentrations (also normalized by the total particle number concentrations measured through the CPC) in the puffs for the e-cigarette-1, 1R5F, and 3R4F samples were 4.0·10 9 , 4.8·10 9 , and 5.7·10 9 #/cm 3 , respectively. Conventional cigarettes have particle diameters ranging from 140–340 nm and number concentrations on the order of 10 9 #/cm 3 (Bernstein 2004; Adam et al 2009; Kane et al 2010; Alderman and Ingebrethsen, 2011; Johnson al. 2014).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mainstream smoke particles emitted by numerous types of cigarettes have been analyzed using various techniques such as a differential mobility analyzer and a centrifugal particle mass analyzer (Johnson et al 2014), an optical aerosol spectrometer (van Dijk et al 2012), a differential mobility spectrometer (Adam et al 2009; Alderman and Ingebrethsen, 2011), and an electrical low-pressure impactor (ELPI) (Kane et al 2010). Although e-cigarette particles have been studied in the last several years, using methods such as spectral transmission and an electrical mobility analyzer (Ingebrethsen et al 2012), ELPI (Bertholon et al 2013), a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) (Williams et al 2013; Zhang et al 2013), a fast mobility particle sizer (FMPS) (Schripp et al 2013; Fuoco et al 2014; Manigrasso et al 2015), and an aerosol spectrometer and ultrafine particle counter (Geiss et al 2015), online particle concentration data represent an interesting complement to VOC data.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Real-Time Fast-Flow Tube Study of VOC and Particulate Emissions from Electronic, Potentially Reduced-Harm, Conventional, and Reference Cigarettes

Blair

Epstein

Nizkorodov

et al. 2015

Aerosol Science and Technology

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Tobacco-free electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes), which are currently not regulated by the FDA, have become widespread as a “safe” form of smoking. One approach to evaluate the potential toxicity of e-cigarettes and other types of potentially “reduced-harm” cigarettes is to compare their emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including reactive organic electrophillic compounds such as acrolein, and particulate matter to those of conventional and reference cigarettes. Our newly designed fast-flow tube system enabled us to analyze VOC composition and particle number concentration in real-time by promptly diluting puffs of mainstream smoke obtained from different brands of combustion cigarettes and e-cigarettes. A proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometer (PTRMS) was used to analyze real-time cigarette VOC emissions with a 1 s time resolution. Particles were detected with a condensation particle counter (CPC). This technique offers real-time analysis of VOCs and particles in each puff without sample aging and does not require any sample pretreatment or extra handling. Several important determining factors in VOC and particle concentration were investigated: (1) puff frequency; (2) puff number; (3) tar content; (4) filter type. Results indicate that electronic cigarettes are not free from acrolein and acetaldehyde emissions and produce comparable particle number concentrations to those of combustion cigarettes, more specifically to the 1R5F reference cigarette. Unlike conventional cigarettes, which emit different amounts of particles and VOCs each puff, there was no significant puff dependence in the e-cigarette emissions. Charcoal filter cigarettes did not fully prevent the emission of acrolein and other VOCs.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Real-Time Fast-Flow Tube Study of VOC and Particulate Emissions from Electronic, Potentially Reduced-Harm, Conventional, and Reference Cigarettes

Blair

Epstein

Nizkorodov

et al. 2015

Aerosol Science and Technology

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“…A particle density of 1.1 g cm −3 and a unit shape factor were applied for SMPS-APS distribution merging on the basis of the findings reported by Johnson et al (2014) [54].…”

Section: ∆Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracheobronchial and Alveolar Particle Surface Area Doses in Smokers

et al. 2017

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Cigarette smoke is the main cause of lung cancer events. Mainstream cigarette smoke (MSS) is a direct concern for smokers, but also the secondhand smoke (SHS) contributes to the smoker exposure. In addition, smoker exposure is affected by the "free-smoke" particle exposure (B), related to the micro-environments where smokers spend time. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the daily alveolar and tracheobronchial deposited fractions of airborne particles for smokers as the sum of these three contributions: MSS, SHS, and B. Measurements of particle surface area distributions in the MSS were performed through a Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer, an Aerodynamic Particle Sizer, and a Thermo-dilution system on five types of conventional cigarettes. A Monte Carlo method was then applied to evaluate the most probable value of dose received during the inhalation of MSS by smokers. Measurements of particle concentrations in SHS and at the "free-smoke" particle background (B) were performed through 24-h monitoring at a personal scale of adult smoker through hand-held devices. This paper found that the total daily deposited dose for typical smokers was 1.03 × 10 5 mm 2 ·day −1 . The main contribution of such a huge daily dose was addressable to the MSS (98%) while SHS contributed 1.1%, increasing up to 2% for people smoking only while traveling in a car.

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“…Real-time concentrations of aerosol samples were registered in onesecond intervals. Aerodynamic diameter data obtained by ELPI+ was converted to mobility diameter using cigarette smoke density of 1180 ± 113 kg m -3 (Khlystov et al, 2004;Johnson et al, 2014).…”

Section: Indoor Air Quality Indicators and Monitorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indoor Air Quality Management by Combined Ventilation and Air Cleaning: An Experimental Study

Čiužas

Prasauskas

Krugly

et al. 2016

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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A combination of ventilation and air cleaning regimes were investigated for the removal of aerosol particles and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in a test chamber, representing a typical room. A series of portable multi-staged air cleaner efficiency tests were performed examining tobacco smoke as a source of pollution. Portable indoor air cleaners were effective in removing of particles, reaching up to 97% removal efficiency based on particle number concentrations after 30 minutes, while Clean Air Delivery Rate (CADR PNC ) varied from 37 ± 4 to 237 ± 11 m 3 h -1. The removal of VOCs varied from 21.4 to 45.7% and CADR VOC ranged from 2.2 ± 0.3 to 29.9 ± 2.8 m 3 h -1 , indicating substantially lower efficiency. The combination of ventilation and air cleaning provided different responses with respect to pollutant removal and energy efficiency. The air cleaning was the most efficient for removing particulate matter from indoor air, minimizing the requirement for ventilation. On the other hand, the ventilation seemed to be more efficient in the removal of VOCs, while the combination of ventilation and air cleaning increased pollutant removal efficiency by 20% and maximized the energy efficiency.

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Steady-state measurement of the effective particle density of cigarette smoke

Cited by 47 publications

References 42 publications

A Real-Time Fast-Flow Tube Study of VOC and Particulate Emissions from Electronic, Potentially Reduced-Harm, Conventional, and Reference Cigarettes

A Real-Time Fast-Flow Tube Study of VOC and Particulate Emissions from Electronic, Potentially Reduced-Harm, Conventional, and Reference Cigarettes

Tracheobronchial and Alveolar Particle Surface Area Doses in Smokers

Indoor Air Quality Management by Combined Ventilation and Air Cleaning: An Experimental Study

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