Steady - State Potential Energy Recovery Modeling of an Open Cathode PEM Fuel Cell Vehicle

Zakaria, Irnie Azlin; Mustaffa, Muhamad Rizuwan; Mohamed, Wan Ahmad Najmi Wan; Mamat, Aman Mohd Ihsan

doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.465-466.114

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Researchers have recently become highly concerned with the replacement of fossil fuels with renewable energy. Fuel cell applications are among the popular candidates for renewable energy which has been massively used in many sectors such as communication, stationary power, and transportation [1]. A Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) is an electrochemical instrument that produces electricity by converting chemical energy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water:Ethylene Glycol Properties Alteration Upon Dispersion Of Al2O3 and SiO2 Nanoparticles

Zakaria

2024

JMechE

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Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) seems to be a popular option as a green energy carrier due to its high efficiency and pollutant-free operation. However, the slight temperature difference between the working temperature and surroundings requires innovation in cooling strategy. Active thermal management strategy is limited due to the larger space requirement. Alternatively, utilizing nanofluids as coolant as the passive cooling strategy tends to be a viable quick fix. In this research, thermophysical properties of Al₂O₃:SiO₂ hybrid nanofluids in the base fluid of water: Ethylene Glycol (EG) were discussed comprehensively concerning alterations made in thermal conductivity, dynamic viscosity, and electrical conductivity properties. There were four mixture ratios of 0.5% volume concentration of hybrid nanofluids considered ranging from 10:90, 30:70, 50:50, and 70:30 Al₂O₃:SiO₂. Upon completion of the study, there is an improvement of 9.8% shown in 10:90 Al₂O₃:SiO₂ hybrid nanofluids for thermal conductivity measured at 60C in comparison to the base fluid. Meanwhile, 10:90 Al₂O₃:SiO₂ hybrid nanofluids are also favorable with the lowest values of viscosity as compared to other mixture ratios resulting in lower parasitic loss. Electrical conductivity on the other hand also showed an increment in 10:90 Al₂O₃:SiO₂ hybrid nanofluids as compared to base fluid and other mixture ratios.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water:Ethylene Glycol Properties Alteration Upon Dispersion Of Al2O3 and SiO2 Nanoparticles

Zakaria

2024

JMechE

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“…However, for the adoption of nanofluids in mini channels, there are some concerns about the additional pumping power requirement to be weighed out with the enhancement in heat transfer [25]. Apart from this, possible leakage of current produced needs to also be monitored as demonstrated by Zakaria et al [7], [26] due to the strict limit of electrical conductivity which is 5 S/cm 2 permissible for PEM fuel cell [27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of Hybrid Al2O3:SiO2 W:EG in PEM Fuel Cell Distributor Plate

Zakaria

2023

JMechE

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Efficient thermal management is essential for the optimal performance and durability of the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC). However, the conventional passive cooling methods require a larger heat exchanger for better heat dissipation. Alternatively, nanofluids as a coolant have gained attention recently due to their enhanced heat transfer properties. This investigation aims to evaluate the thermal performance of hybrid nanofluids in a distributor type of PEMFC cooling plate. In this investigation, 0.5% volume concentration of mono Al2O3, mono SiO2 nanofluids, and hybrid Al2O3:SiO2 nanofluids with a mixture ratio of 10:90, 30:70, 50:50, and 70:30 in 60:40 W:EG were investigated. The cooling plate was modelled and a fixed heat flux of 6500 w/m2 was applied to replicate the actual working parameter of PEMFC. The study shows that the heat transfer coefficient was improved by 61% in 10:90 hybrid nanofluids of Al2O3:SiO2 in W:EG in comparison to the base fluid. Meanwhile, the accompanied pressure drops in 10:90 hybrid nanofluids of Al2O3:SiO2 in W:EG show a reduction up to 4.38 times lower as compared to single Al2O3 nanofluids at Re 1800. This is advantageous since it will reduce the parasitic loss related to the PEM fuel cell.

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“…Waste heat recovery (WHR) is an extended component in the thermal management system for fuel cells and can be an essential auxiliary system in future fuel cell system designs [4]. The operating temperature for open cathode, low temperature PEM fuel cell stacks is usually from 50 to 80°C [5]. The generated heat needs to be removed to avoid overheating of the membrane that leads to power deterioration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated Heat Regenerator (IHR) Designs with Hydrogen Preheater and Thermoelectric Generator for Power Enhancement of a 2 kW Fuel Cell Vehicle

Mohamed

Hamdan

Zamri

et al. 2022

IJIE

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The power train efficiency of fuel cell vehicles (FCV) can be enhanced by improving the hydrogen energy utilization. Based on a mini FCV running on a 2 kW open-cathode Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) fuel cell, a waste heat recovery system design needs to be developed as an approach towards higher energy efficiency. The novelty of the system is on the integration of thermoelectric generator technology with hydrogen preheating process for a combined heat and power output. This manuscript presents the proposed integrated heat regenerator (IHR) designs, analysed using numerical computational modelling. Three IHR designs were proposed where the main design criteria are (i) a minimum of 10oC hydrogen preheating degree, and (ii) non-parasitic active cooling for the Thermoelectric generator (TEG) cells. Three design concepts were studied to identify its design and performance limitations. The numerical results were validated with theoretical modelling analysis for hydrogen exit temperatures and TEG surface temperatures. The analysis on predicted fuel cell power enhancement, TEG power generation and waste heat utilization were performed by relating the temperature profiles of the hydrogen reactant and TEG surfaces to fuel cell reaction models and TEG power relationships. A compact IHR design that produced 7.7 to 8 % total power enhancement and suitable in size for a mini FCV was identified for future development works

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Steady - State Potential Energy Recovery Modeling of an Open Cathode PEM Fuel Cell Vehicle

Cited by 6 publications

References 8 publications

Water:Ethylene Glycol Properties Alteration Upon Dispersion Of Al2O3 and SiO2 Nanoparticles

Water:Ethylene Glycol Properties Alteration Upon Dispersion Of Al2O3 and SiO2 Nanoparticles

Performance of Hybrid Al2O3:SiO2 W:EG in PEM Fuel Cell Distributor Plate

Integrated Heat Regenerator (IHR) Designs with Hydrogen Preheater and Thermoelectric Generator for Power Enhancement of a 2 kW Fuel Cell Vehicle

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