Steady Velocity Measurements in the Stern Wake of Submarine Hull Form at High Angles of Incidence

Computational Fluid Dynamics Investigation of Hydrodynamic Forces and Moments Acting on Stern Rudder Plane Configurations of a Submarine

“…Three types of rudder-plane configurations are often equipped on submarines; namely, Cross-plane, X-plane, and Y-plane rudders. Experimental studies on submarines appended with a control surface and/or marine propeller are frequently conducted, such as those detailed in [1][2][3][4][5]. For example, research on the prediction of hydrodynamic coefficients of rudders, stabilizers, and the submarine body has been presented by Park et al [1].…”

“…An experiment considering a submarine model in the Low-Speed Tunnel has been conducted to measure the cross-stream and in-plane velocities [4], and the experimental results were used for comparison with the CFD-based results for a submarine appended with rudders and stabilizers. On the other hand, measurement of the velocity in the stern wake of a SUBOFF submarine at a high angle of attack has been performed [5], and the axial velocity, tangential velocity, and vorticity were measured and presented in a rectangular domain to analyze the variation of fluid flow induced by the submarine body and the Cross-rudder plane configuration. Although the experimental methods are accurate for determining the hydrodynamic forces and moments of submarines with the stern rudder plane configuration, they also have disadvantages such as the limitations imposed by the water tank, measurement devices, and noise.…”