Steam distillation methods for determination of ammonium, nitrate and nitrite

Resumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar alterações nos teores e no estoque de C orgânico e N total do solo, e nas suas formas nítrica e amoniacal, em sistemas de manejo implementados em área de cerrado nativo. Foram coletadas amostras no Município de Morrinhos, GO, num Latossolo Vermelho distrófico típico, textura argilosa, em cinco profundidades, nos sistemas: cerrado nativo, pastagem de Brachiaria sp., plantio direto irrigado com rotação milho-feijão, plantio direto irrigado com rotação milho-feijão e arroz-tomate, plantio convencional de longa duração e plantio convencional recente após pastagem. Não houve diferença significativa nos teores e no estoque de C e N totais do solo, embora o plantio convencional de longa duração tenha apresentado variações negativas no estoque de C em relação ao cerrado nativo até 20 cm de profundidade, ao contrário dos sistemas com menor revolvimento. O amônio predominou no cerrado nativo e na pastagem ao longo de praticamente todo o perfil, enquanto os teores de nitrato foram maiores na camada superficial dos sistemas com culturas anuais. A pastagem e o plantio direto, desde que com esquema diversificado de rotação de culturas, são promissores para aumentar os estoques de C orgânico do solo.Termos para indexação: matéria orgânica do solo, plantio direto, cultivo convencional, nitrato, amônio. Carbon and nitrogen storage, and inorganic nitrogen forms in a soil under different management systemsAbstract -The objective of this work was to verify alterations on the amounts and storage of organic carbon and total nitrogen of the soil, and on the nitric and ammonium forms, in management systems implemented in an area under native cerrado. Samples were collected at Morrinhos, Goiás, Brazil, in a clayey, typic, dystrophic Red Latosol (Oxisol), from five depths, in the systems: native cerrado, Brachiaria sp. pasture, irrigated no-till with corn-beans crop rotation, irrigated no-till with corn-beans and rice-tomato for industry crop rotation, long-term conventional till and recent conventional till following pasture. There were no significant differences on the level, and on carbon and total nitrogen storage of the soil. However, the long-term conventional till presented negative variations on carbon storage in relation to the native cerrado system up to 20 cm depth, unlike the systems with less soil movement. The ammonium predominated in the native cerrado and pasture systems through the soil profile, whereas the nitrate amounts were higher in the superficial layer of the soil in the systems with annual crops. The pasture and no-till, on condition of diverse crop rotation, are prominent systems in terms of increasing the organic carbon storage of the soil.

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“…As formas de N amoniacal e nítrico foram determinadas segundo Bremner & Keeney (1965), com destilação a vapor do extrato de KCl 2 mol L -1 .…”

Section: Methodsunclassified

Estoque de carbono e nitrogênio e formas de nitrogênio mineral em um solo submetido a diferentes sistemas de manejo

D'Andrea¹,

Silva

Curi

et al. 2004

Pesq. agropec. bras.

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“…The supernatant was filtered using nitrogen-free filter paper, and analysed for nitrate-nitrogen (NO 3 -N) by a steam distillation method using a FOSS FIAstar 5000 Flow Injection Analyser (Gerber Instruments, Effretikon, Switzerland) for end-point determination (Bremner and Keneney, 1965).…”

Section: Measurement Of Seed Nitrate Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seed dormancy is a dynamic state: variable responses to pre- and post-shedding environmental signals in seeds of contrastingArabidopsisecotypes

2015

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Seeds have evolved to be highly efficient environmental sensors that respond not only to their prevailing environment, but also their environmental history, to regulate dormancy and the initiation of germination. In the present work we investigate the combined impact of a number of environmental signals (temperature, nitrate, light) during seed development on the mother plant, during post-shedding imbibition and during prolonged post-shedding exposure in both dry and imbibed states, simulating time in the soil seed bank. The differing response to these environments was observed in contrasting winter (Cvi, Ler) and summer (Bur) annual Arabidopsis ecotypes. Results presented show that environmental signals both pre-and post-shedding determine the depth of physiological dormancy and therefore the germination response to the ambient environment. The ecotype differences in seed response to ambient germination conditions are greatly enhanced by seed maturation in different environments. Further variation in response develops following shedding when seeds do not receive the full complement of environmental signals required for germination and enter the soil seed bank in either dry or imbibed states. Species seed dormancy characteristics cannot therefore be easily defined, as seed dormancy is a dynamic state subject to within-species adaptation to local environments.

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“…The soil organic matter (SOM) was calculated by multiplying the percentage C by the factor 1.724 to convert to organic matter (Black, 1965;Wakley and Black, 1934). Soil total nitrogen was determined using the micro Kjeldahl distillation and titration method (Bremner and Mulvaney, 1982). A 1 g soil sample was weighed into a digestion flask, 5 ml concentrated sulphuric acid and few drops of 30 % hydrogen peroxide were added with selenium to serve as catalyst after which the content was digested.…”

Section: Soil Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Charcoal Production on Physical and Chemical Properties of Soil in the Central Gonja District of the Northern Region, Ghana

Wahabu¹,

Fosu-Mensah²,

Nyame³

2015

ENRR

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Charcoal production, is one of the major drivers of land-cover change in Ghana. The trade has in recent time increased in the Central Gonja District of northern Ghana known to be one of the major food baskets of the country. This study assessed the impact of charcoal production on soil properties in the Central Gonja District of Ghana. Composite and core samples (60 samples) from ten (10) randomly selected sites were taken from 0-30 and 30-60 cm depths at the charcoal production site (CPS) and its adjacent field soils, which served as the control (CS). The samples were analyzed for soil texture, exchangeable bases, organic matter, percent carbon, total nitrogen, saturated hydraulic conductivity and electrical conductivity. The results showed that charcoal production site (CPS) had significantly (p < 0.01) higher content of sand, potassium, hydraulic conductivity and electrical conductivity than the control site (CS) within 0 -30cm depth. Magnesium, calcium, sodium and percent carbon content decreased by 45.7, 2.7, 15.4 and 46.7% respectively in CPS when compared to CS within the top soil 0 -30cm. Hydraulic conductivity significantly (p < 0.01) increased from 0.5±0.3 (CS) to 1.8±1.0 h -1 (CPS), which is an increase of about 72 % in CPS due to soil heating. Soil organic matter in CPS decreases by 44% when compared with the CP site. There is a need for further research on the impact of charcoal production on soil nutrient, hydrology and crop production.

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Steam distillation methods for determination of ammonium, nitrate and nitrite

Cited by 969 publications

References 4 publications

Estoque de carbono e nitrogênio e formas de nitrogênio mineral em um solo submetido a diferentes sistemas de manejo

Estoque de carbono e nitrogênio e formas de nitrogênio mineral em um solo submetido a diferentes sistemas de manejo

Seed dormancy is a dynamic state: variable responses to pre- and post-shedding environmental signals in seeds of contrastingArabidopsisecotypes

Impact of Charcoal Production on Physical and Chemical Properties of Soil in the Central Gonja District of the Northern Region, Ghana

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