Steam driven absorption heat pump and flue gas condenser applied for heat recovery in district heating network

Abstract

Application of a flue gas condenser becomes a common solution for improvement of the boiler energy balance. As a result, the efficiency of the boiler becomes above 100 % in reference to the fuel lower heating value (without flue gas steam condensation). However, efficient condensation of flue gas humidity is possible at low temperature of energy recovery. The dew point of the boiler flue gas is about 50-60 ºC representing the threshold of flue gas efficient recovery and depends on the temperature of return water from the district heating network. Profound cooling of flue gas (below 40-45 ºC) is not possible by direct heat exchange between the flue gas and network return water. The presented paper considers retrofit of an existing flue gas condenser heat exchanger system by implementation of an absorption heat pump (AHP). Deep cooling of flue gas will reduce the fuel consumption and ensure mitigation of carbon emission. The lithium-bromide absorption chiller unit (ACU) with rated capacity 2.1 MW is integrated with the flue gas condenser of a natural gas-fired heat only boiler (HOB) with the purpose to increase energy recovery from flue gas. The single effect steam driven ACU was converted in AHP by the following connection: part of the return district heating flow (about 350 m 3 •h -1 ) at temperature of 40 ºC degrees was warmed up in the condenser and absorber of AHP up to 52 ºC degrees. Superheated water steam at pressure about 0.8 bar (g) with total input power of 1,5 MW was used as the energy source for the generator of AHP. Water circulated in the low temperature section of the flue gas condenser was cooled down from 28 ºC degrees to 16 ºC in the evaporator of AHP. This part of the flue gas condenser extracts from the flue gas latent energy for recovery of 2.5 MW in the condenser and absorber of AHP. The paper provides analysis of the AHP coefficient of performance (COP) for wide range of HOB power from 40 to 80 MW and for different temperatures of the network return water.

Efficient Heat Recovery from Hydrogen and Natural Gas Blend Combustion Products

“…In the present paper we use Tetens formula as it is simple and accurate (in range of 10 C to 100 C deviation from table value is within 0.5 %): (10) whereupon Eq. ( 10) may be used in a reversed way (11) Hydrogen and natural gas blend LHV in kWh/ kmol of fuel (hydrogen LHV = 67.2 kWh/kmol):…”

“…Application of heat pump for heat recovery from flue gas would open a way to overcome limitation of this kind. Operation of HOB with FGC and AHP (water steam fired chiller-heater) demonstrates an increase in natural gas combustion output from 70 by 6 megawatt (hereinafter -MW) (sensitive heat of flue gas recovery in FGC) plus 2 MW extracted by AHP (latent heat of moisture from fly gas) [11]. The share of AHP in heat recovery limited by 2/76 = 2.6% of total HOB power in the considered case study.…”