Steam explosion of oil palm residues for the production of durable pellets

Abstract

The effect of steam explosion pretreatment on the physical and mechanical properties of the pellets made from empty fruit bunch (EFB) and palm kernel shell (PKS) was investigated and compared to that of softwood Douglas fir (DF). It was found that the high heating value of the empty fruit bunch was increased by 21% after steam explosion

A state-of-the-art review of biomass torrefaction, densification and applications

“…The mechanical durability for large quantity of briquettes and pellets can be determined in a tumbling device following the international round robin test procedure [128]. For single pellet or small samples of pellets, the pellet strength, as represented by its hardness, has been commonly determined by applying a force to deform or break the pellet located between a mobile probe and a fixed plate [129,20,17,21,22]. According to Peng et al [22], the Meyer hardness (H M ) can be calculated by…”

Bio-Oil and Biochar Derived from the Pyrolysis of Palm Kernel Shell for Briquette

“…Malaysia, Indonesia and Nigeria generate an extensive amount of biomass from palm oil residues (Sumathi & Mohamed 2008). These biomasses are suitable fuels in the form of pellets and briquettes (Lam et al 2015). Briquettes are made using densification of predominantly biomass.…”

Physical characteristics of AFEX-pretreated and densified switchgrass, prairie cord grass, and corn stover

“…They observed a slight deformation in the cell-wall structure of the AFEXpretreated corn stover however, a severe disruption of the cellular structure of the pelletized corn stover was reported. Similarly, difference in microstructure of wood particle [38] and wood pellets [39] were reported. Hence, increase in thermal conductivity values as obtained for the densified PAKs could be attributed to the structural difference between the ground biomass, AFEX-pretreated biomass, and AFEXdensified biomass.…”