Steam gasification of oat with conversion of tars on clay catalyst and gas cleaning by condensation of steam

Zabłocka-Malicka, Monika; Szczepaniak, W.; Zielińska, A.; Rutkowski, Piotr

doi:10.1515/eces-2016-0002

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…A reaction to progressively rigorous emission standards is the tendency to create increasingly complex catalysts. These aim to reduce the complexity and cost of the catalyst without losing performance [76,77]. Many of these catalysts work by using a device that is a porous support medium of oxide, a so-called "wash code", under which small particles of precious materials like platinum, palladium or rhodium are deposited and exposed to molecules from the gas phase that are interacting with the surface.…”

Section: Air (Including Automotive Exhaust Catalysis)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Major Advances and Challenges in Heterogeneous Catalysis for Environmental Applications: A Review

Wacławek

Padil

Černík

2018

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S

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Heterogeneous catalysis is one of the fastest developing branches of chemistry. Moreover, it is strongly connected to popular environment-related applications. Owing to the very fast changes in this field, for example, numerous discoveries in nanoscience and nanotechnologies, it is believed that an update of the literature on heterogeneous catalysis could be beneficial. This review not only covers the new developments of heterogeneous catalysis in environmental sciences but also touches its historical aspects. A short introduction to the mechanism of heterogeneous catalysis with a small section on advances in this field has also been elaborated. In the first part, recent innovations in the field of catalytic air, water, wastewater and soil treatment are presented, whereas in the second part, innovations in the use of heterogeneous catalysis for obtaining sustainable energy and chemicals are discussed. Catalytic processes are ubiquitous in all branches of chemistry and there are still many unsolved issues concerning them.

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Section: Air (Including Automotive Exhaust Catalysis)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Major Advances and Challenges in Heterogeneous Catalysis for Environmental Applications: A Review

Wacławek

Padil

Černík

2018

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S

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“…Because it was assumed that the amount of oils and tars should be minimized in the process, gasses flowing from the gasification zone were heated in the so-called equilibration zone up to 800-900°C (usually with maximum gas emission at 250-450°C). To enhance the gas mixing and equilibration, the equilibration zone was filled with porous granules of several millimeters in the diameter, prepared from the local clay [1]. The residence time of the gas in the equilibration zone, was roughly equal to 0.2-0.5 s. Cooling gasses in the Liebig condenser caused condensation of the steam excess, gathered in glass containers.…”

Section: Processes Of Gasification 21 Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Steam gasification for waste valorization with energy recovery

2018

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Steam gasification seems a promising technology of waste transformation since the steam is the only oxidizing reagent in the process and gaseous carrier of volatiles. Gasses are equilibrated at high temperature for conversion to the H2-rich syngas. After this step, the excess of steam condenses during cooling, together with non-converted tars, oils and fine particles. Condensing steam efficiently absorbs hydrogen bromide and hydrogen chloride. The use of steam eliminates carbonaceous residue from the solid mineral/metal product, which is convenient for further processing (for example extraction of metals). The syngas and the solid residue are generally the only products of gasification, because aqueous condensate may be returned to the process together with non-volatile hydrocarbons and sediments. The process was illustrated by laboratory scale gasification experiments with a) carton packaging, b) abrasive disc, c) pork bones, d) Cu multiwire cable e) PC/AT card and f) inverter (PCB board). The mineral/metal products of gasification may be considered as a raw materials for further processing, including typical routes of metals recovery. There is no direct emission to the atmosphere from the process. However, providing the energy from the syngas back to the reactor as well as the energy balance of steam condensation and recirculation of condensate to the reactor need careful analysis.

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“…Related to air pollutants, such as CO, NO X , hydrocarbons (HC), volatile organic compounds (VOC) and particulate matter, several investigations have been developed to enhanced catalytic efficiency, as well as to reduce the cost associated with noble metal catalysts . Catalytic removal of soot and NO X have been one of the main goals for the automotive industry ,. Emissions of the latest compounds can be regulated by NO x traps, plasma‐assisted abatement direct catalytic decomposition, catalytic reduction, and NO x reduction combined with soot combustion .…”

Section: Catalysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Catalysis: Present and Future

et al. 2018

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Environmental catalysis plays a crucial role in sustainable development by the design of novel catalytic materials and technologies. Several environmental issues are addressed by catalytic processes such as decomposition of pollutants for air, water and soil remediation, hydrogen production, CO2 reduction and biomass valorization, just to name a few. This contribution aims to provide a general overview of the main concepts and current advances in the environmental catalysis field. Special attention has been paid to photocatalysis and electrocatalysis, as sub‐areas of catalysis with tremendous potential in sustainable applications, in particular with regard to the promotion of sustainable energies. In this contribution, the partnership between Catalysis and Green Chemistry is presented, in a comprehensive way, as an open research line which is imperative and decisive for a more sustainable future.

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Steam gasification of oat with conversion of tars on clay catalyst and gas cleaning by condensation of steam

Cited by 8 publications

References 20 publications

Major Advances and Challenges in Heterogeneous Catalysis for Environmental Applications: A Review

Major Advances and Challenges in Heterogeneous Catalysis for Environmental Applications: A Review

Steam gasification for waste valorization with energy recovery

Environmental Catalysis: Present and Future

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