Stearoyl-CoA desaturase indexes and n-6/n-3 fatty acids ratio as biomarkers of cardiometabolic risk factors in normal-weight rabbits fed high fat diets

Abstract

BackgroundBiomarkers for cardiometabolic risk (CMR) factors would be important tools to maximize the effectiveness of dietary interventions to prevent cardiovascular diseases. Thus, the aim of this work was to analyze stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) indexes and n-6/n-3 fatty acids (FA) ratio as biomarkers of CMR induced by feeding rabbits on high fat diets (HFDs).MethodsRabbits were fed either regular diet or 18 % fat in regular diet (HFD) or 1 % cholesterol diet (HD) or diet containing 1 % cholesterol and 18 % fat (HFD-HD) during 6 weeks. Body weights (BW), blood pressure, visceral abdominal fat (VAF) and glucose tolerance test were determined. Total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TG), fasting glucose (FG), and FA levels from plasma were measured. SCD indexes were calculated as product/precursor ratios of individual FA.ResultsBW was similar in all diet groups. HD increased TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, and TG. HFD increased TG, VAF and FG, and decreased HDL-C. The addition of HFD to HD joined to dyslipidemia increased VAF and FG. SCD indexes were increased and n-6/n-3 was unchanged in HD. SCD indexes were reduced and n-6/n-3 FA ratio was increased in HFD and HFD-HD. CMR factors were correlated positively with n-6/n-3 FA ratio. Although VAF had a stronger correlation with n-6/n-3 FA ratio than with SCD indexes, VAF was associated independently to both markers.ConclusionsHFD simulating lipid composition of the average Western-style diet induced experimental rabbit models of normal-weight metabolic syndrome (MS). SCD indexes and n-6/n-3 were modified according to the type of dietary fat. Considering that VAF and CMR factors appear to be stronger associated to n-6/n-3 FA ratio than to SCD indexes, n-6/n-3 FA ratio may be a better biomarker of MS and CMR in normal-weight subjects than SCD indexes.

Biochemical and Ultrastructural Cardiac Changes Induced by High-Fat Diet in Female and Male Prepubertal Rabbits

“…As mentioned by Alarcón et al [ 60 ], the symptoms cited below are also part of metabolic syndrome. For Hunter et al [ 33 ], metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with enhanced oxidative stress.…”

“…For Hunter et al [ 33 ], metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with enhanced oxidative stress. Alarcón et al [ 60 ] mentioned a cardiometabolic risk with such parameter variations.…”

Metabolomic Analysis of SCD During Goose Follicular Development: Implications for Lipid Metabolism

“…The products of SCD are major substrates for the biosynthesis of endogenous polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and complex lipids such as triglycerides, phospholipids, cholesterol esters, and wax esters [2]. The ratio of SFAs to MUFAs can in uence a broad spectrum of cellular functions; thus, the content and distribution of SFAs and MUFAs within the cell must be tightly controlled by SCD [3]. Furthermore, SCD is an integral membrane protein of the endoplasmic reticulum, where it undergoes rapid turnover in response to a variety of nutritional and hormonal signals [4] and has served a vital metabolic function during evolution [5].…”

“…Research in recent years has revealed the in uence of SCD on membrane uidity, lipid metabolism, and energy metabolism [6][7][8]. Therefore, SCD has been identi ed as an important metabolic control point and is emerging as a promising therapeutic target in the treatment of obesity, diabetes, and other metabolic diseases [3,9]. Moreover, some studies point to SCD as a main factor in the control of cancer cell growth [10,11].…”

Chlorella vulgaris as a Source of Essential Fatty Acids and Micronutrients: A Brief Commentary

“…Unfortunately, current western fatty acid intake follows a trend towards higher n-6 to n-3 proportion, and epidemiologic studies indicate a consumption of ~1:16 (n-3/n-6) by these populations. While ratios of up to 1:6 or lower suggest beneficial long-term effects, 1:10 or greater proportions are indicative of future adverse consequences [17].…”