Steatohepatitis in Children with Obesity

Abstract

The article discusses the issues of steatohepatitis development, diagnosis, and management in children. Steatohepatitis is one of the forms of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease diagnosed in 12–26% of children with obesity. The major pathogenetic factors are the following: oxidative stress, genetic predisposition, microbiota disorders, vitamin D deficiency. The information on the diagnostic algorithm is presented in accordance with the guidelines of the European and North American Societies of Pediatric Gastroenterologists, Hepatologists and Nutritionists. The characteristics of instrumental methods of steatohepatitis diagnostics (biopsy, ultrasound, magnetic resonance and computed tomography, elastography, biochemical tests) are given, as well as indications for their use in children are determined. The data on steatohepatitis management (including diet and physical activity) is presented. The use of hepatoprotective agents (ursodeoxycholic acid, essential phospholipids) and biologically active substances in children is discussed.