Steel, Aluminum, and FRP-Composites: The Race to Zero Carbon Emissions

Rajulwar, Vaishnavi Vijay; Shyrokykh, Tetiana; Stirling, Robert; Jarnerud, Tova; Korobeinikov, Yuri; Bose, Sudip; Bhattacharya, Basudev; Bhattacharjee, Debashish; Sridhar, Seetharaman

doi:10.3390/en16196904

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Additional decarbonization of the process can be achieved by using inert anodes. Implementation of those measures was estimated to reduce the emissions level to 1.16 kg CO 2 (equivalent)/kg [ 83 ]. Since prices for brand-new aluminum can vary within a wide range, the utilization of waste aluminum with hydrogen generation could represent a viable idea.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silver-Assisted Hydrogen Evolution from Aluminum Oxidation in Saline Media

Buryakovskaya,

Maslakov,

Borshchev

et al. 2024

Molecules

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A swarf of aluminum alloy with high corrosion resistance and ductility was successfully converted into fine hydro reactive powders via ball milling with silver powder and either lithium chloride or gallium. The latter substances significantly intensified particle size reduction, while silver formed ‘cathodic’ sites (Ag, Ag2Al), promoting Al corrosion in aqueous saline solutions with hydrogen generation. The diffraction patterns, microphotographs, and elemental analysis results demonstrated partial aluminum oxidation in the samples and their contamination with tungsten carbide from milling balls. Those factors were responsible for obtaining lower hydrogen yields than expected. For AlCl3 solution at 60 °C, Al–LiCl–Ag, Al–LiCl, Al–Ga–Ag, and Al–Ga composites delivered (84.6 ± 0.2), (86.8 ± 1.4), (80.2 ± 0.5), and (76.7 ± 0.7)% of the expected hydrogen, respectively. Modification with Ag promoted Al oxidation, thus providing higher hydrogen evolution rates. The samples with Ag were tested in a CaCl2 solution as well, for which the reaction proceeded much more slowly. At a higher temperature (80 °C) after 3 h of experiment, the corresponding hydrogen yields for Al–LiCl–Ag and Al–Ga–Ag powders were (46.7 ± 2.1) and (31.8 ± 1.9)%. The tested Ag-modified composite powders were considered promising for hydrogen generation and had the potential for further improvement to deliver higher hydrogen yields.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silver-Assisted Hydrogen Evolution from Aluminum Oxidation in Saline Media

Buryakovskaya,

Maslakov,

Borshchev

et al. 2024

Molecules

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“…Generally, it is considered that the most adaptable and efficient technology for integrating with coal-fired power plants without requiring significant retrofitting is postcombustion CO 2 capture. Several CO 2 separation methods were recognized and implemented in different projects such as the chemical absorption process (CAP), cryogenic distillation, adsorption, and membrane [5][6][7]. The absorption, using alkanol amines for the carbon dioxide recovery process, is believed to be a convenient and mature method for post-combustion [8].…”

Section: Introduction 1backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Membrane CO2 Separation System Improvement for Coal-Fired Power Plant Integration

Alabid,

Dinca

2024

Energies

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Even though there are numerous CO2 capture technologies (such as chemical and physical absorption), investigators are still trying to come up with novel methods that can minimize the energy requirements for their integration into thermal power plants, as well as the CAPEX and OPEX expenses. In this work, the technical and financial aspects of integrating two-stage polymeric membranes into a coal-fired power plant with a capacity of 330 MW were examined. The study researched the membrane post-combustion CO2 capture process utilizing CHEMCAD version 8.1 software with several parameters and an expander to decrease the total cost. The simulation showed promising results regarding reducing power consumption after using an expander for both a high capture rate (>90%) and a CO2 concentration of more than 95%. Thus, the CO2 captured cost decreased from 58.4 EUR/t (no expander) to 48.7 EUR/t (with expander).

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“…The main cause of CO 2 emissions in the ironmaking process is the use of carbon-based reducing agents such as coal and coke for the removal of oxygen from iron ores and high energy demand as a result of high operating temperatures [3]. The total steel production in the year 2022 was reported to be 1878.5 Mt, more than 80% of which was produced using the conventional blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace (BF-BOF) route, which relies on coke for its operation with an energy demand of 18 GJ/t steel while emitting 1870-2030 kg CO 2 /t lsteel [4][5][6]. To address the problem of CO 2 emissions in the ironmaking process, the directly reduced iron (DRI) process was commercialized, which uses reformed natural gas instead of coke scale reactors, such as the Midrex process and the Energiron process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling the First Hydrogen Direct Reduction Pilot Reactor for Ironmaking in the USA Using Finite Element Analysis and Its Validation Using Pilot Plant Trial Data

Meshram,

Korobeinikov,

Nogare

et al. 2023

Processes

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Direct reduction of hematite pellets with hydrogen (H2) was used to produce directly reduced iron (DRI) in a pilot scale reactor at a pellet feed rate of 21.4 kg/h. At a steady state, operational parameters of the pilot plant (gas recycling rate and inlet temperature) along with key reactor output parameters, the pellet metallization, and the internal temperature profile of the reactor were reported for two scenarios with high recycle and low recycle rate of H2. Scenario 1, with a high recycle rate of 400 L/min H2 along with external heating of 870 °C, gave an average metallization of 91.8%, while Scenario 2, with low recycle rate of 100 L/min H2 and external heating of 850 °C gave a metallization of 67.8% due to the higher moles of H2 available for reduction and the external energy required for the endothermic reduction reaction in Scenario 1 as compared with Scenario 2. Finite element analysis was used to build a model of the shaft reactor, which was validated against the metallization and internal temperature profile data. The average metallization values predicted by the model were very close to the metallization values obtained from the pilot plant samples, with 90.9% average metallization for Scenario 1 and 65.6% average metallization for Scenario 2. The internal temperature profiles in the lower region of the reactor obtained from the model were very close to these pilot plant data, with a maximum difference of 52.7 °C and 67.6 °C for Scenarios 1 and 2, respectively. The pilot plant reactor model was used extensively in the commissioning of the pilot plant and to predict the startup outcomes for a given set of operating parameters.

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Steel, Aluminum, and FRP-Composites: The Race to Zero Carbon Emissions

Cited by 9 publications

References 37 publications

Silver-Assisted Hydrogen Evolution from Aluminum Oxidation in Saline Media

Silver-Assisted Hydrogen Evolution from Aluminum Oxidation in Saline Media

Membrane CO2 Separation System Improvement for Coal-Fired Power Plant Integration

Modeling the First Hydrogen Direct Reduction Pilot Reactor for Ironmaking in the USA Using Finite Element Analysis and Its Validation Using Pilot Plant Trial Data

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