Steel Tire Cord-Rubber Adhesion, Including the Contribution of Cobalt

Abstract

This review will discuss the mechanisms that are responsible for the adhesion between brass-coated steel tire cord and rubber. In particular, the role of cobalt as an adhesion promoter and how it influences the stability of the bond between the steel tire cord and rubber are examined. Some of the techniques by which the morphology of the interfacial layers has been investigated will be discussed, along with a brief review of the latest bonding mechanisms.

Oxidation of α-brass: A photoelectron spectroscopy study

“…However, a single explanation may not be sufficient to describe the variety of situations. In the early stages of oxidation of brass, the high-BE component shows a behavior opposite to that expected for an OH 2 As the photon energy is reduced from 1487 eV to 132 eV, the IMFP decreases from 2.7 nm to 0.6 nm. terminal group or adsorbed oxygen (its relative intensity increases as the inelastic mean free path increases) and it should rather be attributed to an interface component.…”

“…Nowadays, brass is still massively used in many domains from plumbing to high-technology microelectronic devices. In particular, brass is a key component of the rubber-metal composite systems used in industrially important technologies since it provides the adhesion between rubber and the reinforcing metallic cords in tires [1,2]. A better understanding and control of the chemical reactivity of brass could lead to significant progress in the manufacturing process.…”

Steel Cord Skim Compound for Radial Tyre Based on Natural Rubber-Carbon Black-Organoclay Nanocomposites

“…But in case of 5 phr NC loaded compounds (compound D compound E), the activation energy E a values obtained from non-isothermal curing (Table 4) are much less compared to the control (compound A) as well as 3 phr NC loaded compounds (compound B and compound C). Probably because of very fast rate of curing (low activation energy) for 5 phr NC loaded compounds, there may be chances of insufficient growth of Cu x S. It is always essential to delay the crosslinking process long enough to build a Cu x S layer of critical thickness [19]. Hence in the case of 5 phr NC loaded compounds, insufflcient thickness of Cu x S layer might have led to adhesive failure.…”

“…Copper and zinc oxides and hydroxides are also formed at the adhesion inter phase [4]. The chemistry behind the adhesion at the rubber-brass interface has been discussed extensively in several literatures over the last three decades [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28]. But still it is not well understood how the copper sulfide layer interacts with the rubber.…”

“…But still it is not well understood how the copper sulfide layer interacts with the rubber. It is thought that the dendritic structure of copper sulfide forms a tight, physical interlocking with the vulcanized rubber [19].…”