Steganographic approach to enhancing secure data communication using contours and clustering

Manikandan, G.; Krishnan, R. Bala; Kumar, N. Rajesh; Narasimhan, D.; Srinivasan, A.; Raajan, N. R.

doi:10.1007/s11042-018-6237-5

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The paper demonstrates that the model provides secure text content transmission with the cover image through communication channels. Authors Manikandan et al [7] have presented a lossless steganography system that generally adheres to clustering and contouring principles on grayscale photos. Hua et al [8] an image encryption scheme using value-differencing transformation and modified zigzag transformation.…”

Section: Literature Surveymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

An Improved Steganographic Scheme Using the Contour Principle to Ensure the Privacy of Medical Data on Digital Images

Krishnan¹,

Yuvaraj²,

Devi³

et al. 2023

Computer Systems Science and Engineering

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With the improvement of current online communication schemes, it is now possible to successfully distribute and transport secured digital Content via the communication channel at a faster transmission rate. Traditional steganography and cryptography concepts are used to achieve the goal of concealing secret Content on a media and encrypting it before transmission. Both of the techniques mentioned above aid in the confidentiality of feature content. The proposed approach concerns secret content embodiment in selected pixels on digital image layers such as Red, Green, and Blue. The private Content originated from a medical client and was forwarded to a medical practitioner on the server end through the internet. The K-Means clustering principle uses the contouring approach to frame the pixel clusters on the image layers. The content embodiment procedure is performed on the selected pixel groups of all layers of the image using the Least Significant Bit (LSB) substitution technique to build the secret Content embedded image known as the stego image, which is subsequently transmitted across the internet medium to the server end. The experimental results are computed using the inputs from "Open-Access Medical Image Repositories (aylward.org)" and demonstrate the scheme's impudence as the Content concealing procedure progresses.

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Section: Literature Surveymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7 and 8 show the evolution of the nominated method's MSE and PSNR values on various image sizes. The proposed approach was compared with various existing steganography models [7] for embedding secret Content, which is listed in Table 6, and graphical Content is shown in Fig. 9.…”

Section: Mse Colorimagementioning

confidence: 99%

An Improved Steganographic Scheme Using the Contour Principle to Ensure the Privacy of Medical Data on Digital Images

Krishnan¹,

Yuvaraj²,

Devi³

et al. 2023

Computer Systems Science and Engineering

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“…So, for example, the authors of the paper [9] used edge detection on the cover object, while Abid Yahya in [10] provided comparative characteristics of adaptive steganographic methods (in certain areas of the carrier) using Scale-Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) and Speeded-Up Robust Features (SURF) algorithms for selecting specific carrier areas. In [11], clustering was proposed, but within previously defined contours, conceiving this method as key-based. The previous works were selected because at the end of this paper, a comparative analysis of the obtained results with those obtained in [5,7,9] will be performed.…”

Section: Review Of the Papers Relevant To This Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Steganographic Method in Selected Areas of the Stego-Carrier in the Spatial Domain

Milosav¹,

Milosavljević

Banjac³

2023

Symmetry

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The main goal of this paper is the proposal of a key-based steganographic system in which the ratio of capacity and image quality metrics that represents the stego object while reducing the detectability of hidden content was improved. The main contribution of the proposed steganographic system is a new algorithm for selecting stego areas. The area selection algorithm is based on clustering the pixels of the cover object into a predetermined number of clusters. The goal of this selection of areas (clusters) is to group as many homogeneous parts of the image as possible in order to cover these areas with as few rectangular shapes as possible. Since the data on the defined rectangles represent the key of the system, the capacity of the additional secret channel is minimized in this way. On the obtained stego-carriers, an embedding of test random content is performed in order to estimate its detectability. By combining the proposed area selection method with the Minimal Decimal Difference steganographic method, a system was created with an optimal trade-off between detectability of secret content, quality and capacity of the carrier, and the length of the stego-key. Finally, a comparison of the obtained results with relevant adaptive steganographic methods is presented. The proposed concept obtains its verification in one practical system for secure file transfer of controlled cryptographic strength.

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“…The secret stream embodiment process on digital images with the contouring principle for locating the regions of a grayscale image was proposed by Manikandan et al 14 They presented a methodology using the K-means principle to create pixel clusters on the contour regions for the secret content embodiment process at a lossless fashion. The major limitation of the paper is that it works with only grayscale images not with all layers of the color image.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Approach to secret content tagging on color images with a Sudoku-based scrambling principle

et al. 2023

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At present, there has been much focus on information hiding because it acts as an alternative to secure communication. Secret content is embodied in an image using various image embodiment techniques, with the least significant bit (LSB) substitution being one of the preferred strategies. Asserting the originality and quality of the content embodiment is equally challenging. A scrambling mechanism using a Sudoku scheme is applied on all red, green, and blue layer blocks of the image. The image layers are devised into blocks, and over the blocks unique scrambling procedures are applied to acquire the scrambled image. The scrambled image is then exposed to the confidential stream embodiment using the traditional LSB substitution scheme by following the chess game-based queen tour traversal pattern for locating the pixels. After the embedding process, the scrambled image is fragmented into blocks, and the exact descrambling of the blocks is performed to get back the image, which visually resembles the original image called the stego image. The stego image gets split into blocks at the receiver end to apply exact scrambling on the corresponding blocks, and using the queen tour pattern, the secret stream is to be extracted. As a result of the experiments, it is found that the projected approach is unlikely to be very predictable and unique in its patterns.

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Steganographic approach to enhancing secure data communication using contours and clustering

Cited by 7 publications

References 20 publications

An Improved Steganographic Scheme Using the Contour Principle to Ensure the Privacy of Medical Data on Digital Images

An Improved Steganographic Scheme Using the Contour Principle to Ensure the Privacy of Medical Data on Digital Images

Steganographic Method in Selected Areas of the Stego-Carrier in the Spatial Domain

Approach to secret content tagging on color images with a Sudoku-based scrambling principle

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