Stegomyia Indices and Risk of Dengue Transmission: A Lack of Correlation

Garjito, Triwibowo Ambar; Hidajat, Muhammad Choirul; Kinansi, Revi Rosavika; Setyaningsih, Riyani; Anggraeni, Yusnita Mirna; Mujiyanto,; Trapsilowati, Wiwik; Jastal,; Ristiyanto,; Satoto, Tri Baskoro Tunggul; Gavotte, Laurent; Manguin, Sylvie; Frutos, Roger

doi:10.3389/fpubh.2020.00328

Cited by 34 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…The lack of correlation between dengue incidence and entomological factors demonstrated in this work and in a separate study on the Stegomiya indices [18] indicates that they are not reliable. Since the only correlation was found with a societal factor, i.e.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 65%

“…The use of Stegomiya indices and the monitoring and collections of mosquitoes are today the main means of assessing the risk of dengue outbreaks and e ciency of mosquito control. Owing to the lack of correlation of the Stegomiya indices with the risk of dengue outbreaks and dengue incidence [18], the lack of consistency of the various collection methods, and the very low level of dengue detection in mosquitoes, the monitoring of mosquitoes to assess the risk of dengue outbreaks should be reconsidered. The risk with these methods is mostly that of misleading interpretation, and misguided decisions and allocation of resources.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the only correlation was found with a societal factor, i.e. the human population density [18], efforts should be devoted to the development of novel societal indices to achieve an e cient management of the risk of dengue outbreaks. It is even more important to communicate on this issue because dengue endemic countries worldwide, as well as WHO, still base their recommendations and dengue management procedures on entomological indices.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of Mosquito Collection Methods for Dengue Surveillance

Garjito

Susanti

Mujiyono

et al. 2020

Preprint

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BackgroundSeveral methods exist to collect and assess the abundance of dengue vector mosquitoes, i.e. morning adult collection using an aspirator, pupal collection, various ovitraps, whole night collection using human landing methods, and larval collection. This diversity of methods might be a source of variability and lack of statistical significance when trying to correlate mosquito density and risk of dengue outbreak. There is also a lack of published data regarding the effectiveness of these methods MethodsA mosquito survey was conducted in 39 locations corresponding to 15 dengue endemic provinces in Indonesia. The larval surveys were performed by collecting at least a single Aedes larva from each container, and then reared up until hatching. Three adult mosquito sampling methods were also used, including morning resting collection, human landing collection, animal baited trap. All field samples were tested for dengue. Factor Analysis of Mixed Data (FAMD) was conducted to analyze the effectiveness of the collection methods against mosquito species and dengue incidence.ResultsA total of 44,675 mosquitoes were collected. The single larva method was the most efficient method. Out of a total of 89 dengue-positive pools, the most frequently encountered virus was DENV2, which made up half of the positive samples, followed by DENV3 and DENV1, respectively. FAMD showed that no correlation could be found between any methods and the presence of dengue virus in mosquitoes. Moreover, no correlation could be found between either any methods or the incidence.ConclusionsThere was no concistency in the efficacy of a given method and the incidence of dengue in the human population. There was no correlation between any of the parameters considered, i.e. method, incidence of dengue, location and presence of dengue virus in mosquitoes. This indicates that entomological factors are not reliable indicators.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 65%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of Mosquito Collection Methods for Dengue Surveillance

Garjito

Susanti

Mujiyono

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Another limitation of our study was the use of larval mosquito indices as a measure mosquito density. Despite their recommended use by WHO [1] for surveillance programs, they have been shown to have limited predictive value for dengue incidence [32,38]. Whilst adult mosquito densities would be expected to better predict dengue incidence, being of direct epidemiological importance, even these were not found to do so in cross-sectional studies [35].…”

Section: Plos Neglected Tropical Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social and environmental risk factors for dengue in Delhi city: A retrospective study

et al. 2021

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Global urbanization is leading to an inexorable spread of several major diseases that need to be stemmed. Dengue is one of these major diseases spreading in cities today, with its principal mosquito vector superbly adapted to the urban environment. Current mosquito control strategies are proving inadequate, especially in the face of such urbanisation and novel, evidence-based targeted approaches are needed. Through combined epidemiological and entomological approaches, we aimed to identify a novel sanitation strategy to alleviate the burden of dengue through how the dengue virus spreads through the community. We combined surveillance case mapping, prospective serological studies, year-round mosquito surveys, socio-economic and Knowledge Attitudes and Practices surveys across Delhi. We identified lack of access to tap water (≤98%) as an important risk factor for dengue virus IgG sero-positivity (adjusted Odds Ratio 4.69, 95% C.I. 2.06–10.67) and not poverty per se. Wealthier districts had a higher dengue burden despite lower mosquito densities than the Intermediary income communities (adjusted Odds Ratio 2.92, 95% C.I. 1.26–6.72). This probably reflects dengue being introduced by people travelling from poorer areas to work in wealthier houses. These poorer, high density areas, where temperatures are also warmer, also had dengue cases during the winter. Control strategies based on improved access to a reliable supply of tap water plus focal intervention in intra-urban heat islands prior to the dengue season could not only lead to a reduction in mosquito abundance but also eliminate the reservoir of dengue virus clearly circulating at low levels in winter in socio-economically disadvantaged areas.

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“…The surveillance system could be improved by incorporating electronic reporting and an online data dashboard, which has been implemented in adult monitoring programmes in Brazil [62]. Our results also suggest that lowering vector populations alone is not sufficient to control dengue transmission and that entomologic data should be combined with other data, such as serosurveillance, to better predict and control outbreaks [53, 63].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial analysis of dengue incidence and Aedes aegypti ovitrap surveillance in Belo Horizonte, Brazil

Schultes

Morais

Cunha

et al. 2020

Tropical Med Int Health

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Objectives Understanding the intra‐urban spatial dynamics of Aedes aegypti and dengue transmission is important to effectively guide vector control. Ovitraps are a sensitive, cost‐effective vector surveillance tool, yet few longitudinal studies have evaluated ovitrap indices and dengue occurrence. We aimed to assess the spatial patterns of dengue incidence and Ae. aegypti ovitrap positivity index (OPI) over time and to examine the spatial relationship between these two variables. Methods This study used 12 years (2007–2018) of dengue case records and biweekly Ae. aegypti ovitrap data in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. We aggregated data by year and health centre catchment area (n = 152) and used both univariate and bivariate global Moran’s I statistic and LISA to evaluate spatial clustering. Results Annual dengue incidence ranged from 18 to 6262/100 000 residents and displayed spatial autocorrelation in 10/12 years, with shifting areas of high incidence. Annual OPI ranged from 35.7 to 47.6% and was clustered in all study years, but unlike dengue had consistent spatial patterns over time. Bivariate analysis found both positive (6/12 years) and negative (1/12 years) spatial associations between the two variables. Conclusions Low detected presence of Ae. aegypti was not a limiting factor in dengue transmission. However, stable spatial distribution of OPI suggests that certain areas may have persistent breeding sites. Future research should identify factors related to persistent Ae. aegypti hotspots to better guide vector management. Vector control efforts should be paired with additional data on population immunity, circulating serotypes and urban factors to better predict and control outbreaks.

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Stegomyia Indices and Risk of Dengue Transmission: A Lack of Correlation

Cited by 34 publications

References 47 publications

Assessment of Mosquito Collection Methods for Dengue Surveillance

Assessment of Mosquito Collection Methods for Dengue Surveillance

Social and environmental risk factors for dengue in Delhi city: A retrospective study

Spatial analysis of dengue incidence and Aedes aegypti ovitrap surveillance in Belo Horizonte, Brazil

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