Stem-cell ecology and stem cells in motion

Papayannopoulou, Thalia; Scadden, David T.

doi:10.1182/blood-2007-08-078147

Cited by 158 publications

(135 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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“…When HSPCs derived from BM are transplanted via the circulatory system, they imperatively home to the BM for proper proliferation and maintenance. [1][2][3][4][5] This homing capacity is one of the instinct properties of HSPCs. [1][2][3][4][5] Bone marrow ablated by irradiation constitutes a homing site for transplanted HSPCs, 34 especially near the vascular and endosteal regions in BM.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3][4][5] This homing capacity is one of the instinct properties of HSPCs. [1][2][3][4][5] Bone marrow ablated by irradiation constitutes a homing site for transplanted HSPCs, 34 especially near the vascular and endosteal regions in BM. [1][2][3]35 Our results show that transplanted SVF cells, like transplanted BM cells, are found more in the trabecular region than the central compact region of bone.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is well known that a small fraction of HSPCs constantly circulate between the BM and peripheral blood without any stimulation. 4,5 The exiting and re-entering of HSPCs is mediated by interactions between several surface molecules, such as selectins and integrins. 1 In principle, on the way from peripheral blood back to the BM, HSPCs can settle down if the proper environment is provided.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adipose tissue is an extramedullary reservoir for functional hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells

Han

Koh

Moon

et al. 2010

Blood

189

141

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The stromal vascular fraction (SVF) in adipose tissue contains a pool of various stem and progenitor cells, but the existence of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) in the SVF has not been seriously considered. We detected the presence of HSPCs in the SVF by phenotypically probing with Lin ؊ Sca-1 ؉ c-kit ؉ (LSK) and functionally confirming the presence using colony-forming cell assay and assessing the long-term multilineage reconstitution ability after SVF transplantation. The LSK population in the SVF was 0.004% plus or minus 0.001%, and 5 ؋ 10 5 freshly isolated SVF cells gave rise to 13 plus or minus 4 multilineage colonies. In addition, 0.15% plus or minus 0.03% of SVF cells was home to bone marrow (BM), especially near vascular and endosteal regions, 24 hours after blood transplantation. SVF transplantation was capable of generating a longterm (> 16 weeks), but variable extent (2.1%-32.1%) multilineage reconstitution in primary recipients, which was subsequently transferred to the secondary recipients by BM transplantation. All HSPCs within the SVF originated from the BM. Furthermore, the granulocyte-colonystimulating factor (G-CSF) mobilization of HSPCs from BM markedly elevated the number of phenotypic and functional HSPCs in the SVF, which induced a high efficiency long-term reconstitution in multilineage hematopoiesis in vivo. Our results provide compelling evidence that adipose tissue is a novel extramedullary tissue possessing phenotypic and functional HSPCs. (Blood. 2010;115:957-964) IntroductionHematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) in the complicated hierarchy of the hematopoietic system maintain themselves and generate many kinds of blood cells throughout life. To maintain their proper functioning, HSPCs reside in a special microenvironment called a niche. [1][2][3] Bone marrow (BM) is a dominant organ possessing a niche for HSPCs during adulthood. It is well known that a small fraction of HSPCs constantly circulate between the BM and peripheral blood without any stimulation. 4,5 The exiting and re-entering of HSPCs is mediated by interactions between several surface molecules, such as selectins and integrins. 1 In principle, on the way from peripheral blood back to the BM, HSPCs can settle down if the proper environment is provided. Supporting this concept, several extramedullary tissues were identified as HSPC-containing organs, including the liver, 6 spleen, 7 muscle, 8,9 and thoracic duct. 10 Among these organs, the liver and spleen are well-known locations for extramedullary hematopoiesis. 1 In both tissues, HSPCs reside close to sinusoidal endothelial cells, which may provide a preferential microenvironment. 6,11 The mechanism underlying HSPC maintenance in these extramedullary organs remains unclear, though the HSPCs still conserve their function properly. [6][7][8][9][10] Adipose tissues contain many different types of adult stem cells that can be used for therapeutic purposes, especially for tissue regeneration. 12 Adipose tissue is composed of lipid-filled mature ad...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adipose tissue is an extramedullary reservoir for functional hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells

Han

Koh

Moon

et al. 2010

Blood

189

141

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“…Experiments in parabiotic mice with a shared circulation demonstrate that HSC mobilization and homing are sequential events that are both triggered and enhanced by G-CSF, since HSPC mobilization by repeated G-CSF stimulation also leads to increased homing and engraftment of the partner mouse's bone marrow. [5][6][7] The bone marrow is a highly vascularized organ. Sinusoidal vessels are believed to be the site of HSPC exchange between the bone marrow and the circulating blood.…”

Section: Stress Signals: the Impetus For Hspc Migration And Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 These nursing microenvironments, defined as "stem cell niches," protect HSCs and provide them with signals that maintain their quiescent, slow-dividing and stationary state. [1][2][3][4] Detachment of HSCs from these niches is believed to be associated with their entry into the cell cycle, proliferation, and differentiation, which is also accompanied by increased migration and recruitment to the circulation (as discussed in [5][6][7] ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Brain-Bone-Blood Triad: Traffic Lights for Stem-Cell Homing and Mobilization

Lapidot

2010

Hematology

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Erythrocytes

Migliaccio¹,

Whitsett²

2013

Encyclopedia of Life Sciences

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The erythrocyte is a highly specialized cell present in the blood designed for the transport of oxygen from the lungs to the body tissues and for the removal and transport of carbon dioxide from the tissues to the lungs. In primates, erythrocytes also clear the blood of complement‐bearing immune complexes and pathogens and exert anti‐inflammatory functions. The blood of an average adult contains approximately 25 million millions of erythrocytes. Maintaining this number of cells constant over time is a major challenge and requires production of as many as 210 billions of new erythrocytes per day (i.e. 24 millions per second). This production is tightly regulated by microenvironmental cues (growth factors) and by proteins present inside the cells (transcription factors). This regulation ensures that erythrocyte production is appropriately increased in response to sudden blood loss. Key Concepts: Erythrocytes are blood cells responsible for oxygen delivery to all the tissues of the body. Erythrocytes are produced by hematopoietic stem cells present in the bone marrow. Before birth, erythrocytes are derived from stem cell populations present in the yolk sac of the embryo and in the liver of the fetus. Erythropoietin, a cytokine produced by the kidney, is primarily responsible for the regulation of erythrocyte production. The bone marrow also contains several cytokines, which positively or negatively regulate erythrocyte production. Erythrocytes exert their function by expressing on their surface and in their cytoplasm a number of erythroid‐specific proteins. A series of DNA‐binding proteins (the erythroid transcription factors) assure that erythrocytes express adequate amounts of functional proteins. The erythrocyte membrane is plastic and resistant to shear stress allowing the cells to pass through the microvasculature to deliver oxygen. The oxygen delivery function of the erythrocyte is performed by haemoglobin, a cytoplasmic protein whose structure is suited for oxygen transport/exchange. The flexibility/deformability of the erythrocyte membrane is assured by a network between the proteins embedded in its lipid bilayer and the cell cytoskeleton. Blood group antigens are epitopes present on the tertiary (glycosyl residues) or primary (amino‐acid sequence) structure of proteins present on the erythrocyte membrane.

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Stem-cell ecology and stem cells in motion

Cited by 158 publications

References 94 publications

Adipose tissue is an extramedullary reservoir for functional hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells

Adipose tissue is an extramedullary reservoir for functional hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells

The Brain-Bone-Blood Triad: Traffic Lights for Stem-Cell Homing and Mobilization

Erythrocytes

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