Stem Cell Therapies, Gene-Based Therapies, Optogenetics, and Retinal Prosthetics:

Wood, Edward H.; Tang, Peter H.; Huerta, Irina De la; Korot, Edward; Muscat, Stephanie; Palanker, Daniel; Williams, George A.

doi:10.1097/iae.0000000000002449

Cited by 29 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 91 publications

(106 reference statements)

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“…Vision loss can arise from the loss of photoreceptors in degenerative retinal diseases such as macular degeneration or retinitis pigmentosa. However, the inner retinal neurons and retinal ganglion cells often remain intact and are the target of electrical devices [74]. Electrical retinal arrays of up to 1500 electrodes have been implanted into people with damaged photoreceptors for direct stimulation of retinal bipolar cells or retinal ganglion cells [75].…”

Section: Optogenetics For Restoration Of Visionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical stimulation of neural tissue

Richardson

Ibbotson

Thompson

et al. 2020

Healthcare Technology Letters

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Electrical stimulation has been used for decades in devices such as pacemakers, cochlear implants and more recently for deep brain and retinal stimulation and electroceutical treatment of disease. However, current spread from the electrodes limits the precision of neural activation, leading to a low quality therapeutic outcome or undesired side-effects. Alternative methods of neural stimulation such as optical stimulation offer the potential to deliver higher spatial resolution of neural activation. Direct optical stimulation is possible with infrared light, while visible light can be used to activate neurons if the neural tissue is genetically modified with a light sensitive ion channel. Experimentally, both methods have resulted in highly precise stimulation with little spread of activation at least in the cochlea, each with advantages and disadvantages. Infrared neural stimulation does not require modification of the neural tissue, but has very high power requirements. Optogenetics can achieve precision of activation with lower power, but only in conjunction with targeted insertion of a light sensitive ion channel into the nervous system via gene therapy. This review will examine the advantages and limitations of optical stimulation of neural tissue, using the cochlea as an exemplary model and recent developments for retinal and deep brain stimulation.

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Section: Optogenetics For Restoration Of Visionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical stimulation of neural tissue

Richardson

Ibbotson

Thompson

et al. 2020

Healthcare Technology Letters

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“…bei Blindheit müssten zahlreiche weitere Forschungsansätze in der Grundlagenforschung und klinischen Forschung weiterverfolgt werden (Optogenetik, Stammzellen, chemische Implantate etc.) [35].…”

Section: Hoffnung Blinder Sehen Zu Könnenunclassified

Elektronische Netzhautimplantate – ein aufgegebener Traum?

Faber

Bartz‐Schmidt

Stett³

et al. 2020

Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd

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ZusammenfassungWährend zwischen 2005 und 2016 mehr als 30 000 Cochleaimplantate in Deutschland implantiert wurden, wurden nur weniger als 1% vergleichbarer Eingriffe an der Retina durchgeführt. Die beiden für den Markt zugelassenen Implantattypen haben wirtschaftlich nicht überleben können. Die vorliegende Arbeit diskutiert die Bedeutung und die Zukunft elektronischer Retinaimplantate für die Augenheilkunde.

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“…The human embryonic stem cell (hESC) researches contain the destruction of a human embryo, which set a limitation in developing stem cell therapy based on hESC. Besides, immunologic rejection [111] and teratoma formation [112] have safety concerns for the clinical application of stem cells. The induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) technology can avoid the destruction of human embryos and bypass ethical problems, which offers an opportunity to realize precision and personalized medicine [113, 114].…”

Section: Applications Of Smart Polymers For Precision Medicinementioning

confidence: 99%

Smart polymers for cell therapy and precision medicine

et al. 2019

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Soft materials have been developed very rapidly in the biomedical field over the past 10 years because of advances in medical devices, cell therapy, and 3D printing for precision medicine. Smart polymers are one category of soft materials that respond to environmental changes. One typical example is the thermally-responsive polymers, which are widely used as cell carriers and in 3D printing. Self-healing polymers are one type of smart polymers that have the capacity to recover the structure after repeated damages and are often injectable through needles. Shape memory polymers are another type with the ability to memorize their original shape. These smart polymers can be used as cell/drug/protein carriers. Their injectability and shape memory performance allow them to be applied in bioprinting, minimally invasive surgery, and precision medicine. This review will describe the general materials design, characterization, as well as the current progresses and challenges of these smart polymers.

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Stem Cell Therapies, Gene-Based Therapies, Optogenetics, and Retinal Prosthetics:

Cited by 29 publications

References 91 publications

Optical stimulation of neural tissue

Optical stimulation of neural tissue

Elektronische Netzhautimplantate – ein aufgegebener Traum?

Smart polymers for cell therapy and precision medicine

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