Stem cells in multiple time zones

Thor, Stefan

doi:10.1038/nature12261

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The CNS initially forms in early embryos. In neuroblasts (NBs), TFs are sequentially expressed in a cascade of Hb–Kr–Pdm–Castor (Cas)–Grainyhead (Grh), whose temporal regulation is crucial for the generation of neuronal diversity [ 50 ]. Asymmetric cell division (ACD) of embryonic NBs produces two daughter cells: a larger NBs and smaller ganglion mother cells (GMCs).…”

Section: Biological Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Insect Transcription Factors: A Landscape of Their Structures and Biological Functions in Drosophila and beyond

Guo

Qin

Zhou

et al. 2018

IJMS

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Transcription factors (TFs) play essential roles in the transcriptional regulation of functional genes, and are involved in diverse physiological processes in living organisms. The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, a simple and easily manipulated organismal model, has been extensively applied to study the biological functions of TFs and their related transcriptional regulation mechanisms. It is noteworthy that with the development of genetic tools such as CRISPR/Cas9 and the next-generation genome sequencing techniques in recent years, identification and dissection the complex genetic regulatory networks of TFs have also made great progress in other insects beyond Drosophila. However, unfortunately, there is no comprehensive review that systematically summarizes the structures and biological functions of TFs in both model and non-model insects. Here, we spend extensive effort in collecting vast related studies, and attempt to provide an impartial overview of the progress of the structure and biological functions of current documented TFs in insects, as well as the classical and emerging research methods for studying their regulatory functions. Consequently, considering the importance of versatile TFs in orchestrating diverse insect physiological processes, this review will assist a growing number of entomologists to interrogate this understudied field, and to propel the progress of their contributions to pest control and even human health.

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Section: Biological Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A much larger and more complicated CNS is established in the larval phase. A different TF cascade (Hth–Ey–Slp–D–Tll) is sequentially activated in the optic lobe NBs, and it regulates temporal expressed genes in type I NBs, resulting in the production of various types of nerve cells [ 50 , 54 ].…”

Section: Biological Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insect Transcription Factors: A Landscape of Their Structures and Biological Functions in Drosophila and beyond

Guo

Qin

Zhou

et al. 2018

IJMS

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Indirect neurogenesis in space and time

Thor

2024

Nat. Rev. Neurosci.

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Thyroid Hormone-Otx2 Signaling Is Required for Embryonic Ventral Midbrain Neural Stem Cells Differentiated into Dopamine Neurons

Chen

et al. 2015

Stem Cells and Development

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Midbrain dopamine (DA) neurons are essential for maintaining multiple brain functions. These neurons have also been implicated in relation with diverse neurological disorders. However, how these neurons are developed from neuronal stem cells (NSCs) remains largely unknown. In this study, we provide both in vivo and in vitro evidence that the thyroid hormone, an important physiological factor for brain development, promotes DA neuron differentiation from embryonic ventral midbrain (VM) NSCs. We find that thyroid hormone deficiency during development reduces the midbrain DA neuron number, downregulates the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and the dopamine transporter (DAT), and impairs the DA neuron-dependent motor behavior. In addition, thyroid hormone treatment during VM NSC differentiation in vitro increases the production of DA neurons and upregulates the expression of TH and DAT. We also found that the thyroid hormone enhances the expression of Otx2, an important determinant of DA neurogenesis, during DA neuron differentiation. Our in vitro gene silencing experiments indicate that Otx2 is required for thyroid hormone-dependent DA neuron differentiation from embryonic VM NSCs. Finally, we revealed both in vivo and in vitro that the thyroid hormone receptor alpha 1 is expressed in embryonic VM NSCs. Furthermore, it participates in the effects of thyroid hormoneinduced Otx2 upregulation and DA neuron differentiation. These data demonstrate the role and molecular mechanisms of how the thyroid hormone regulates DA neuron differentiation from embryonic VM NSCs, particularly providing new mechanisms and a potential strategy for generating dopamine neurons from NSCs.

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Stem cells in multiple time zones

Cited by 3 publications

References 21 publications

Insect Transcription Factors: A Landscape of Their Structures and Biological Functions in Drosophila and beyond

Insect Transcription Factors: A Landscape of Their Structures and Biological Functions in Drosophila and beyond

Indirect neurogenesis in space and time

Thyroid Hormone-Otx2 Signaling Is Required for Embryonic Ventral Midbrain Neural Stem Cells Differentiated into Dopamine Neurons

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