Stem cells of the dental pulp

Abstract

Stem cells of the dental pulp are a population of postnatal stem cells with multilineage differentiation potential. These cells are derived from the neural ectomesenchyme, similar to most craniofacial tissues, and specific niches in the pulp have been identified. Since the isolation of dental pulp stem cells (DPSC) and stem cells from exfoliating deciduous teeth (SHED), numerous studies have attempted to define and characterize these cells, and embryonic stem cell features have been reported in both DPSC and SHED. These cells have a vast repertoire of differentiation - osteogenic, odontogenic, myogenic, adipogenic, neurogenic, and melanocytic, and have even demonstrated transdifferentiation to corneal cells and islet cells of pancreas. The combined advantages of multipotency/pluripotency and the relative ease of access of pulp tissue for autologous use render DPSC/ SHED attractive options in regenerative dentistry and medicine. This review gives a bird's eye view of current knowledge with respect to stem cells from the dental pulp.

Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells – A Prospective Regenerative Therapy

“…When the embryo develops, stem cells are basically deprived of their capacity to transform into other cells and thus differentiation may take place only in a given germ layer. For unlimited division, the embryo's capacity is preserved until stem cells differentiate into three germ layers (2).…”

“…Embryonic stem (ES) cells and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells are pluripotent stem cells. Multipotent stem cells are adult stem cells which only generate specific lineages of cells (2,6).…”

“…In the tooth formation, the cells from the neural crest also take an active participation (1,4). These cells are formed in the nervous system and then later on they migrate to the maxilla and the mandible, where they interact with mesenchymal cells in order to form the enamel organ and the dental papilla (2,3).…”

Dental pulp stem cells and the management of neurological diseases: An update

“…A high level of Nestin expression and an absence of β‐III‐tubulin and S100 are associated with a low serum level of around 2%. However, in high levels of serum of 10%, Nestin expression is relatively reduced (Ranganathan & Lakshminarayanan, ).…”

Revascularization and Treatment Methods

“…Multipotent kök hücreler ise daha sınırlı sayıda hücreye dönüşebilme kapasitesine sahiptir. 87 Köken aldığı yere göre sınıflandırıldığında kök hücreler; embriyonik ve adult (postnatal) olarak iki gruba ayrılırlar. Embriyonik kök hücreler pluripotent özelliğe sahiptir ve doku rejenerasyonu için elverişli yapılardır.…”