“…Similarly, many studies have stated that programming activities with Arduino tools improve understanding of the concepts (Ntourou et al, 2021) and overall performance (Omar, 2018). Furthermore, findings have reported that this new approach improves students' problem-solving (Wang et al, 2016), creativity (Cano, 2022;Kobsiripat, 2015), computational thinking (Juškevičienė et al, 2021;Ntourou et al 2021); algorithmic thinking (Sari et al, 2022), collaborative work (Alimisis and Kynigos, 2009), establishing a cause-effect relationship (Görgülü Arı and Meço, 2021), entrepreneurship (Sarı and Yazıcı, 2020), and coding skills (Alimisis and Kynigos, 2009). In addition, block-based coding has recently started to be used in the programming of Arduino hardware, instead of text-based coding.…”