Stem-end rot in major tropical and sub-tropical fruit species

Karunanayake, K. O. L. C.; Adikaram, N. K. B.

doi:10.4038/cjs.v49i5.7800

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…In addition, these fungal groups showed varying degrees of virulence in terms of lesion development, being Pestalotiopsis and Botryodiplodia more virulent than Colletotrichum and Phomopsis isolates. Similar observations have been reported with reference to the stem end rot (SER) of fruits such as avocado and mango (Karunanayake & Adikaram, 2020; Wanjiku et al, 2020). SER is a postharvest disease caused by a complex of fungi which colonize endophytically, when the fruit is in the field but develops symptoms at ripening.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

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Determining fungal profiles associated at different stages of disease development and confirmation of pathogenicity for deducing aetiology of rough bark disease of cinnamon

Tharangani

Costa

Jayasinghe³

et al. 2023

Journal of Phytopathology

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Rough bark disease (RBD) damages the peel of cinnamon (Cinnamommum zeylanicum), the economically important part of the plant. A total of 405 plant samples representing four distinct symptom development stages of RBD were collected from five cinnamon‐growing districts of Sri Lanka. Epiphytic and endophytic fungi dwelling on different tissues of the stems were isolated using another set of healthy and RBD‐infected plants. Different tissues of healthy and RBD‐infected stems representing the symptom development stages and districts of cinnamon cultivation resulted in a total of 2432 fungal isolates. Fungal profiles associated with different stem tissues in healthy and RBD‐infected plants during the pathogenesis were determined by colony and spore morphology of isolated fungal isolates and DNA sequencing of PCR products by ITS1 and ITS4 primers. Pathogenicity was tested using consistently associated 138 isolates on detached stem pieces. Subsequently, field‐grown plants were inoculated with three highly virulent isolates among the 138 isolates. Pestalotiopsis, Colletotrichum, Botryodiplodia, and Phomopsis were the core fungal genera in the four symptom development stages with a varying abundance. The four genera were infectious having different degrees of virulence in terms of lesion development on stems. Composition and relative abundance of fungal profiles were compared in different stem tissues of healthy and RBD‐infected plants at distinct symptom development stages. Results revealed the presence of a core fungal genera in both healthy and RBD‐infected plants but a fluctuation of their abundance among different tissues and symptom development stages. RBD can be deduced as a complex fungal disease than a unimicrobial infection.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…Botryodiplodia more virulent than Colletotrichum and Phomopsis isolates. Similar observations have been reported with reference to the stem end rot (SER) of fruits such as avocado and mango (Karunanayake & Adikaram, 2020;Wanjiku et al, 2020). SER is a postharvest disease caused by a complex of fungi which colonize…”

supporting

confidence: 79%

Determining fungal profiles associated at different stages of disease development and confirmation of pathogenicity for deducing aetiology of rough bark disease of cinnamon

Tharangani

Costa

Jayasinghe³

et al. 2023

Journal of Phytopathology

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“…Measures that avoid infections, such as the reduction of contact of the pathogen with the host plant, creating unfavorable conditions or eradicating the pathogen, are relevant cultural control strategies to reduce the influence of the inoculum source and must be explored to improve the management of diseases. Additionally, to efficiently control diseases in perennials, where the rotation of crops is impractical, it is necessary to adopt integrated management strategies that involve knowledge of the susceptibility of mango cultivars, favorable environmental conditions, and cultural and chemical control (Coelho et al, 2018;Jenny et al, 2019;Alam et al, 2020;Karunanayake and Adikaram, 2020;Aquino et al, 2021). The study's objective was to evaluate the incidence of postharvest diseases in commercial areas of the Tommy Atkins cultivar, associate risk factors and identify agricultural practices and fungicides for managing mango postharvest diseases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

September 2023

2023

Aust J Crop Sci

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Anthracnose and stem-end rot are the main postharvest mango diseases in the Brazilian Northeast. In order to determine the incidence and prevalence of these diseases, near ripe (stage 3) Tommy Atkins fruits were collected from thirty orchards, aged 10 to 12 years old. Inspections and records regarding agricultural practices were undertaken in order to characterize the orchards and evaluate the risk of diseases. Additionally, three experiments were conducted to evaluate different fungicides. Fruits were harvested in Tommy Atkins orchards sprayed with different fungicides and disease incidences were evaluated for two weeks. General averages of incidence and prevalence of stem-end rot were 14.44% and 86.67% respectively, while those of anthracnose were 5.55% and 36.67%. Pearson's chi-squared test identified a significant association between management practices and the occurrence of diseases. The risk of producing diseased fruits is larger in orchards that do not remove residues beneath or above the canopy or diseased panicles and do not adopt good agricultural practices. For orchards that do not adopt good agricultural practices, the relative risk was a 3.82 times higher chance of producing diseased fruits compared to those that adopt good agricultural practices. The fungicides that exhibited efficiency in disease control were pyraclostrobin (0.10 g/L), copper oxychloride (1.60 g/L) and tetraconazole (0.10 g/L). According to the results, in order to control anthracnose and stem-end rot in mangos, producers should spray the orchards with pyraclostrobin, copper oxychloride and tetraconazole fungicides, remove malformed panicles and diseased residues above and beneath the canopy.

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“…Prior research in Côte d'Ivoire on mango postharvest fungal diseases has mainly focused on anthracnose diseases caused by Colletotrichum species (Dembélé et al, 2020;Kouamé et al, 2011;N'Guettia & Kouassi, 2014). While anthracnose may be well controlled with fungicide application, mango SER still has a significant economic impact for producing countries (Galsurker et al, 2018;Karunanayake & Adikaram, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of mango postharvest Stem-end rot disease in Cote d’Ivoire and identification of fungal pathogens associated

Yeo

KONE

Dembele

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The Stem-end rot (SER) postharvest disease of mango (Mangifera indica L.) fruits is a significant economic threat to mango production. If suitable conditions are not maintained, it can lead to losses of up to 100 %. Despite its importance, very little information is known about this disease in Cote d'Ivoire. This research aimed determining the incidence and severity of SER in mango orchards, assess how preharvest climate parameters affect the disease and determine the pathogenic fungi associated with SER. Therefore, mango SER was evaluated on 1500 mango fruits collected from 15 orchards in Boundiali, Ferkessedougou, Korhogo, Odienne, and Sinematiali departments. Mango SER incidence ranged from 10 % to 30 %, while severity ranged from 5 % to 20 %. No significant differences in these parameters were observed between the different departments (P>0.05). The study also revealed a low correlation between SER disease incidence and mean air temperature (r=0.36) and minimum air temperature (r=0.26) data, indicating that preharvest weather conditions may have a marginal impact on mango SER disease intensity in the postharvest phase. Pathogenic fungi associated with SER were isolated and identified using morphological characteristics and multilocus sequence analysis of the rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and the translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1-alpha). We identified various fungal species associated with mango SER disease, with Lasiodiplodia species (74%) being the most prevalent (including Lasiodiplodia theobromae, L. euphorbicola, and L. caatinguensis), followed by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Curvularia pseudobrachyspora, Diaporthe endophytica and Fusarium mangiferae. However, only Lasiodiplodia species and Diaporthe endophytica induced SER symptoms. This study was the first ever evaluation of mango SER disease and associated fungal pathogens identification in Cote d'Ivoire. This result will assist researchers in developing a control method for mango SER.

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Stem-end rot in major tropical and sub-tropical fruit species

Cited by 7 publications

References 53 publications

Determining fungal profiles associated at different stages of disease development and confirmation of pathogenicity for deducing aetiology of rough bark disease of cinnamon

Determining fungal profiles associated at different stages of disease development and confirmation of pathogenicity for deducing aetiology of rough bark disease of cinnamon

September 2023

Prevalence of mango postharvest Stem-end rot disease in Cote d’Ivoire and identification of fungal pathogens associated

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