Stem modification and cluster transfer in Modern Hebrew

The Fate of the Consonantal Root and the Binyan in Optimality Theory

“…The same ranking holds for forms with four consonants, with or without a prefix, which have a CVCCVC structure (to reduce cluttering, some low-ranked constraints are suppressed). (Bolozky 1978, Bat-El 1994a. It is thus necessary to appeal to the constraint CONTIGUITY (McCarthy and Prince 1995), which requires the preservation of adjacency between segments in the base by stating that contiguous segments in the base are contiguous in the output.…”

“…This selection is, however, not sporadic. As emphasized in Bat-El (1994a), {oe} is selected only for verbs derived from nouns with o (e.g. xok 'law' -> xokek 'to make a law', ʔot 'sign' -> ʔotet 'to signify', boks 'box (fist)' -> hitbokses 'to fight (with fists)').…”

“…In particular, I reconsider the status of the consonantal root and the binyan in the grammar as grammatical units, within a word-based morphology 1 . Bat-El (1994a) and Ussishkin (1999Ussishkin ( , 2000 argue for a word-based view of Hebrew morphology (termed output-output correspondence in Optimality Theory) that does not give place to the consonantal root (hereafter C-root) in the grammar (see § 3). Further support to this view is given here, on the basis of evidence from historical change ( §3.1), as well as the learnability principles of Optimality Theory ( §3.2).…”

4. The formation of Ethiopian Semitic internal reduplication

“…McCarthy & Prince 1990a), the notion of the 'root' in broken plural formation was not explicitly rejected in generative literature until Ratcliffe (1998). Rejection of the root has also been espoused by researchers such as Bat-El (1994) and Ussishkin (1999), based on Hebrew denominal verbs, a class of words that also bear properties of corresponding nouns, such as consonant clustering effects. Since these output-based word formation patterns can be analyzed with no reference to the root, these analysts have concluded that the root does not exist as a morphological unit.…”

Linear First-Time Derivation of Verbs and Consonant Cluster Preservation in Israeli Hebrew

“…The shorshan concept roughly corresponds to the verb pattern slot described in Goldenberg (1994). It is also functionally identical to the principle of consonant cluster preservation of Bat-El (1994) and Bolozky (1978), and may be argued to constitute its automatic corollary, except that it refers to the consonantal slot per se rather than to the cluster preservation principle (see comment on xr-p > x-r -p below). The shorshan makes it easier to distinguish the basic structure underlying seemingly complex forms, e.g.…”