Stem Photosynthesis—A Key Element of Grass Pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) Acclimatisation to Salinity

Abstract

Grass pea (Lathyrus sativus) is a leguminous plant of outstanding tolerance to abiotic stress. The aim of the presented study was to describe the mechanism of grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) photosynthetic apparatus acclimatisation strategies to salinity stress. The seedlings were cultivated in a hydroponic system in media containing various concentrations of NaCl (0, 50, and 100 mM), imitating none, moderate, and severe salinity, respectively, for three weeks. In order to characterise the function and structure of the photosynthetic apparatus, Chl a fluorescence, gas exchange measurements, proteome analysis, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis were done inter alia. Significant differences in the response of the leaf and stem photosynthetic apparatus to severe salt stress were observed. Leaves became the place of harmful ion (Na+) accumulation, and the efficiency of their carboxylation decreased sharply. In turn, in stems, the reconstruction of the photosynthetic apparatus (antenna and photosystem complexes) activated alternative electron transport pathways, leading to effective ATP synthesis, which is required for the efficient translocation of Na+ to leaves. These changes enabled efficient stem carboxylation and made them the main source of assimilates. The observed changes indicate the high plasticity of grass pea photosynthetic apparatus, providing an effective mechanism of tolerance to salinity stress.

Energy-Saving LED Light Affects the Efficiency of the Photosynthetic Apparatus and Carbohydrate Content in Gerbera jamesonii Bolus ex Hook. f. Axillary Shoots Multiplied In Vitro

“…Abnormalities in the efficiency of OEC activity as well as in the size of the plastoquinone pool resulted in reduced efficiency of PSII (Y(II)) that led to permanent damage of the photosynthetic apparatus (Y(NO)). A similar effect was observed when the photosynthetic apparatus formation was disturbed in plants subjected to various abiotic stressors limiting the synthesis pathways of structural elements of the photosynthetic apparatus [33,43,48,53]. The application of B and RB LED resulted in no significant differences in the photosynthetic apparatus response, which indicated optimal conditions for its formation in gerbera.…”

“…Both the visible and near-infrared spectra are crucial for the formation of a well-functioning photosynthetic apparatus [32]. The efficiency of photosynthesis depends on the sequence of metabolic processes during light and dark reactions, the activity of enzymes involved in carbon assimilation, the structure of the photosynthetic apparatus, and the transport of photosynthetic intermediates between cellular compartments [33]. The quality of light affects the photosynthesis, e.g., by its influence on the chloroplast structure, regulation of leaf size, opening of the stomata, or photosystem II (PS II) [34].…”

“…Effective acclimatization and proper further growth may be related to the reconstruction of the photosynthetic apparatus and its performance during multiplication of axillary shoots. These processes may be controlled by the use of a specific light quality applied during in vitro culture [33,43].…”

Response of physiological parameters in Dionaea muscipula J. Ellis teratomas transformed with rolB oncogene

“…Lipids are the major components of membranes and have a crucial role in stress signalling in plants [ 37 ]. Studying lipid membrane compatibility and composition may show the physiological status of plant cells under stress conditions [ 38 ]. Our results showed that plant transformation did not affect the total lipid concentration.…”

Динаміка Формування Листкової Поверхні Чини Посівної Та Продуктивність Її Фотосинтетичної Діяльності Залежно Від Рівня Мінерального Живлення

“…Фотосинтез як основний процес метаболізму в рослині забезпечує енергосубстратне форування врожаю, поєднане із процесами поглинання елементів мінерального живлення протягом вегетаційного періоду. Разом із тим засвоєння поживних речовин визначає інтенсивність перебігу всіх фізіолого-біохімічних процесів у рослинному організмі та залежить від них [11]. Провідну роль під час поглинання енергії фотосинтетично активної радіації, яка надходить до рослин, відіграють листкові пластинки.…”