Stemphylium leaf blight of garlic (Allium sativum) in Australia

Suheri, Herman; Price, T. V.

doi:10.1071/ap00034

Cited by 25 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…and De Not) is one of the most destructive fungal diseases in Allium species. The host range of the pathogen varies among different crops such as garlic, Suheri and Price [3], chilli pepper, Vitale et al [4], leek, Suheri and Price [3], asparagus, Foster [5], pear, Llorente and Montesinos [6] and Köhl et al [7].…”

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confidence: 99%

First Report of <i>Stemphylium vesicarium</i> Causing Onion Stemphylium Leaf Blight in Ethiopia

Gedefaw¹,

Gezahegn²,

Fekadu³

et al. 2019

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A suspected fungal disease was observed on onion leaves during survey in onion fields of the central rift valley of Ethiopia in the offseason in 2019. The disease symptoms were round to oval small spots on onion leaves which coalesce to form blighted leaves that change to brown lesion and black sporulation with time. The disease was of high incidence (up to 95.2%) and severity (up to 4.67) where in some fields it has been causing early plant senescence and reduced bulb size during harvest with massive yield loss, named to be "Yeshinkurt Ebola" to mean "Ebola of onion" by farmers. Dirty white to light grey front colony color and light brown to deep brown reverse colony color with alternative white and brown band fungal growth were isolated from infected onion leaf samples. The conidia were olive brown, oval to ovoid, oblong and ovoid to oblong are born on conidiophores. Pathogenicity of the pathogen was confirmed on 45-days-old onion (cv. Nafis) plant, and it was identified as Stemphylium vesicarium based on cultural, morphological and pathogenic results. This is the first report of S. vesicarium, the causative agent of onion stemphylium leaf blight.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First Report of <i>Stemphylium vesicarium</i> Causing Onion Stemphylium Leaf Blight in Ethiopia

Gedefaw¹,

Gezahegn²,

Fekadu³

et al. 2019

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“…was first reported in India (Rao and Pavgi 1975). More recently, it has been recorded in the USA (Miller et al 1978), South Africa (Aveling and Naude 1992), Spain (Basallote et al 1993), Brazil (Mehta 1998), Australia (Suheri and Price 2000a) and Egypt (Hassan et al 2007). However, there are few studies on this disease in China.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host range and phytotoxicity of Stemphylium solani, causing leaf blight of garlic (Allium sativum) in China

Zheng

Hsiang

et al. 2008

Eur J Plant Pathol

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Since 2004, a new leaf blight disease on garlic of high severity has been observed in Dangyang County, Hubei province, China. Initial symptoms consisted of multiple, small, irregular to oval, white leaf spots, which enlarge to produce sunken purple lesions, sometimes surrounded by a bright yellow margin. As the disease progressed, lesions expanded and merged, resulting in withering of leaf tips. After isolation and pathogenicity testing, the causal agent of leaf blight of garlic was identified as Stemphylium solani from cultural and morphological characteristics, and subsequent analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region of ribosomal DNA. When fungal plugs of two S. solani isolates were inoculated onto 11 garlic cultivars and 20 other crop species, leaf spots appeared on all inoculated plants, but two garlic cultivars (Qingganruanye and Ruanruanye) and three crop species (Capsicum annuum, Brassica napus and Amaranthus mangostanus) showed the smallest leaf spots. In cross-inoculation experiments, no indications of host specificity were observed, but S. solani isolated from garlic was generally the most virulent on five plant species, while the isolate from leek (Allium odorum) was generally the least virulent. Toxicity testing of the crude culture filtrates indicated that garlic isolates produced toxin(s) that were not heat-labile and induced different levels of phytotoxicity toward various garlic cultivars and crops.

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“…No fungicide is currently registered for control of SLB of onion in New Zealand (Agrimedia 2018), and fungicides that control downy mildew do not always control SLB (e.g. mancozeb) (Hoepting 2017;Suheri & Price 2000b). Fungicides currently registered in New Zealand for stemphylium leaf spot of asparagus caused by S. vesicarium are chlorothalonil (currently registered in New Zealand for the control of onion downy mildew as Cobra™ (Lonza NZ Limited), in a mixture with dimethomorph), copper (registered in New Zealand for onion downy mildew and bacterial blight), procymidone (registered in New Zealand for onion white rot), difenoconazole (not currently registered in New Zealand for any onion disease), and iprodione (not currently registered in New Zealand for any onion disease) (Agrimedia 2018).…”

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The current outbreak of stemphylium leaf blight of onion in New Zealand – identification of cause and review of possible risk factors associated with the disease

Wright

Searle

Tyson

et al. 2019

NZPP

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During the 2017-18 growing season, significant outbreaks of leaf blight occurred in Pukekohe, Hawke's Bay and Canterbury commercial onion fields. It was unknown if the causal agent was Stemphylium vesicarium, a pathogen already present in New Zealand that causes stemphylium leaf blight (SLB), or a new introduction of another Stemphylium species. Morphological and molecular characterisation methods were used to identify the pathogen present on diseased onion leaves. The possibility that climate may have been a contributor to the outbreak was evaluated using hourly temperature and relative humidity data, and comparing the 2017-18 growing season with the previous four seasons in these regions when no disease was observed. Our research indicates that the recent leaf blight outbreak in New Zealand was caused by S. vesicarium, and not the introduction of a novel species of Stemphylium. The warm, and wet summer of 2017-18 possibly contributed to the SLB outbreak.

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Stemphylium leaf blight of garlic (Allium sativum) in Australia

Cited by 25 publications

References 18 publications

First Report of <i>Stemphylium vesicarium</i> Causing Onion Stemphylium Leaf Blight in Ethiopia

First Report of <i>Stemphylium vesicarium</i> Causing Onion Stemphylium Leaf Blight in Ethiopia

Host range and phytotoxicity of Stemphylium solani, causing leaf blight of garlic (Allium sativum) in China

The current outbreak of stemphylium leaf blight of onion in New Zealand – identification of cause and review of possible risk factors associated with the disease

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Stemphylium leaf blight of garlic (Allium sativum) in Australia

Cited by 25 publications

References 18 publications

First Report of &lt;i&gt;Stemphylium vesicarium&lt;/i&gt; Causing Onion Stemphylium Leaf Blight in Ethiopia

First Report of &lt;i&gt;Stemphylium vesicarium&lt;/i&gt; Causing Onion Stemphylium Leaf Blight in Ethiopia

Host range and phytotoxicity of Stemphylium solani, causing leaf blight of garlic (Allium sativum) in China

The current outbreak of stemphylium leaf blight of onion in New Zealand – identification of cause and review of possible risk factors associated with the disease

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Product

Resources

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First Report of <i>Stemphylium vesicarium</i> Causing Onion Stemphylium Leaf Blight in Ethiopia

First Report of <i>Stemphylium vesicarium</i> Causing Onion Stemphylium Leaf Blight in Ethiopia