Stenosi Uretrali E Cistostomia Percutanea Minima: Nostra Esperienza

Leva, G.; Annoscia, S.; Mauro, A. Di; Signorello, Diego; Boccafoschi, C.

doi:10.1177/039156039105800503

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…To others, the danger of harmonization is to create a race to the bottom, by which every MDB would water down its own specific requirements in order to find a minimal common ground 141 ; this would in turn work as a counterincentive for Borrowers' consideration of social and environmental issues. Finally, both sides may add that harmonization toughens the one-size-fits-all approach of MDB safeguards: the same type of projects everywhere would need to comply with the same requirements, rendering the system inflexible and forbidding tailored approaches to local circumstances.…”

Section: Harmonization Of Safeguards 41 Aid Effectiveness and International Harmonization Effortsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multilateral Development Banks and Sustainable Development: On Emulation, Fragmentation and a Common Law of Sustainable Development

Mbengue

Moerloose

2017

Law and Development Review

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Multilateral Development Banks (hereinafter MDBs) have evolved from avoiding non-economic considerations, as required in most of their charters, to officially supporting sustainable development. This transformation is due not only to international law, civil society pressure or internal adjustments, but in part to the emulation phenomenon between the international effort for sustainable development made by international conferences and commissions and the sustainable development effort by MDBs. The paper first examines this emulation phenomenon and its strong impact on MDB creation of substantive instruments – the environmental and social safeguards – and of procedural instruments – the accountability mechanisms – for the integration of sustainable development. Following this discussion, the second part points out that MDBs’ environmental and social safeguards still differ substantially, revealing a fragmentation in MDBs’ normative understanding of sustainable development. After presenting the arguments supporting this fragmentation, the last part of the paper argues in favor of the harmonization of MDBs’ environmental and social safeguards, resulting in the creation of a common law of sustainable development, the promotion of international law and the facilitation of investments.

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Section: Harmonization Of Safeguards 41 Aid Effectiveness and International Harmonization Effortsmentioning

confidence: 99%