Stent Migration Complicating Treatment of Inferior Vena Cava Stenosis after Orthotopic Liver Transplantation

Catheter directed interventions for inferior vena cava thrombosis

“…Thus, stenting the suprarenal IVC must be done cautiously, as there is a higher risk for stent migration in this region (42). Wallstents in particular may undergo unpredictable foreshortening upon expansion and may not adequately fix to the caval wall (43). Palmaz stents have been utilized to treat short segmental occlusions (44).…”

Warfarin anticoagulation before angioplasty relieves thrombus burden in Budd-Chiari syndrome caused by inferior vena cava anatomic obstruction

“…8,24 However, IVC stent migration as a serious complication is not uncommon. 8,25,26 In our group, stent placement and its potential migration complication was avoided in 88% of the patients pre-treated with warfarin. There was no clinical significant PE or death, and IVC remained patent in all the patients during the follow-up of 6 to 40 months.…”

Inferior Vena Cava Torsion and Stenosis Complicated by Compressive Pericaval Regional Ascites following Orthotopic Liver Transplantation

“…Outflow obstruction following OLT is a rare but serious complication with a reported incidence of 1–6% [2, 3]. Immediate OLT complications, such as torsion, are felt to be mostly technique related, while late OLT stenosis is most likely related to intimal hyperplasia or fibrosis at the anastomotic site [3, 4]. A significant gradient across the stenosis is defined as 7–10 mmHg [4, 5].…”

“…Immediate OLT complications, such as torsion, are felt to be mostly technique related, while late OLT stenosis is most likely related to intimal hyperplasia or fibrosis at the anastomotic site [3, 4]. A significant gradient across the stenosis is defined as 7–10 mmHg [4, 5]. If left unrecognized or uncorrected, OLT outflow obstruction can lead to increased morbidity including decreased graft function, ascites, lower extremity edema, recurrent varices, decreased renal function, and/or decreased cardiac output [5–7].…”

“…Endovascular techniques are the preferred method for treating outflow obstruction/stenosis following OLT [4, 5]. Differentiating acute versus chronic stenosis should be considered for selecting the primary technique for treatment of the stenosis.…”