Step by Step Methodology for the Assessment of Metal Corrosion Rate with PCMs Suitable for Low Temperature Heat Storage Applications

Krishna, D. Jaya; Shinde, Aditya

doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2017.06.317

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…SS showed to be fully compatible with the selected PCMs. Krishna and Shinde [20] measured the corrosion rate of Cu in contact with PW. The results showed that Cu is compatible with the PW.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation on compatibility and thermal reliability of phase change materials for low-temperature thermal energy storage

Devanuri

Gaddala

Kumar

2020

Mater Renew Sustain Energy

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Two of the important aspects for the successful utilization of phase change materials (PCMs) for thermal energy storage systems are compatibility with container materials and stability. Therefore, the present study is focused on testing the corrosion resistance and surface characteristics of metals in contact with PCMs and thermal behavior of PCMs with heating/cooling cycles. The PCM selection is made by targeting low temperature (<100 °C) heat storage applications. The PCMs considered are paraffin wax, sodium acetate tri-hydrate, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, and stearic acid. The metal specimens tested are aluminum, copper, and stainless steel because of their wide usage in thermal equipment. The tests are performed by the method of immersion corrosion test, and ASTM G1 standards are followed. The experiments are carried out at 80 °C and room temperature (30 °C) for the duration of 10, 30, and 60 days. Pertaining to thermal stability 1500 melting/freezing cycles are performed. Investigation has been carried out in terms of corrosion rate, SEM analysis of metal specimens, appearance of PCMs, and variation of thermophysical properties at 0th, 1000th, and 1500th thermal cycles. The most affected area of corrosion, including the dimension of pits, is presented, and comparison is made. Based on the corrosion experiments, recommendations are made for the metal–PCM pairs. Pure sodium acetate trihydrate is observed to suffer from phase segregation and supercooling. After 1500 thermal cycles, the variation in melting and freezing point temperatures for rest of the five PCMs are in the range of − 1.63 to 1.57 °C and − 4.01 to 2.66 °C. Whereas, reduction in latent heat of melting and freezing are in the range of 17.6–28.95% and 15.2–26.78%.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation on compatibility and thermal reliability of phase change materials for low-temperature thermal energy storage

Devanuri

Gaddala

Kumar

2020

Mater Renew Sustain Energy

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“…Similar tests evaluating corrosion rates through mass loss of the metal (and plastic) samples in time were previously published by Ferrer et al [10] or Monero et al [11]. In fact, the issue of corrosion is so obvious that Krishna et al proposed an evaluation methodology based on American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM G1) standards [12]. More complex compatibility evaluation was presented by Sari et Kaygusuz [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…The figure also shows mutual separation of individual samples in the beakers. This ensured even exposure of the whole surface of the samples to the PCM—a parameter that was not fully addressed in the reviewed works, such as [12]. Figure 8b shows the start of the 16-week testing in the environmental chamber.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tests on Material Compatibility of Phase Change Materials and Selected Plastics

2019

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Practical applications of Phase Change Materials (PCMs) often require their encapsulation in other materials, such as metals or plastics. This raises the issue of compatibility between PCMs and encapsulating materials, which has still not been sufficiently addressed. The study presented here follows existing research and provides experimental evaluation of the suitability of selected PCMs for proposed integration in building structures. Two organic PCMs, two inorganic PCMs and three representative plastics (polypropylene (PP-H), high density polyethylene (PE-HD) and polyvinylchloride (PVC-U)) were selected for compatibility tests. Evaluation of the results is based on the mass variations of the plastic samples during the test period. Plastic samples were immersed in PCMs and subjected to periodic heating and cooling (for 16 weeks) in a small environmental chamber simulating real operational conditions. The results show that the organic PCMs have a greater ability to penetrate the PE-HD and PP-H compared with the inorganic PCMs. The penetration of all PCMs was most notable during the first four weeks of the experiment. Later it slowed down significantly. Overall, the mass changes in PE-HD and PP-H samples did not exceed 6.9% when immersed in organic PCMs and 1.8% in inorganic PCMs. PVC-U samples exhibited almost negligible (less than 0.1%) mass variation in all cases.

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“…Most of the studies focus on the compatibility between organic and inorganic PCMs with carbon steel, aluminum, copper, brass, and stainless steel. The corrosion resistance of metals exposed to PCMs in low-temperature LHTES is commonly assessed by calculated corrosion rates (CR) in these studies [12]. The procedure for the preparation of metal samples, for corrosion removal and evaluation of the corrosion damage, is standardized in ASTM G1 [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compatibility of Phase Change Materials and Metals: Experimental Evaluation Based on the Corrosion Rate

2020

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The construction and maintenance of building stock is responsible for approximately 36% of all CO2 emissions in the European Union. One of the possibilities of how to achieve high energy-efficient and decarbonized building stock is the integration of renewable energy sources (RES) in building energy systems that contain efficient energy storage capacity. Phase Change Materials (PCMs) are latent heat storage media with a high potential of integration in building structures and technical systems. Their solid-liquid transition is specifically utilized for thermal energy storage in building applications. The typically quite old example is the use of ice that serves as long-term storage of cold. Large pieces of ice cut in winter were stored in heavily insulated spaces and prepared for cooling of food or beverages in summer. In the contemporary use of the principle, the PCMs for building applications and tested in this study must have a melting range close to the desired temperature in the occupied rooms. As the PCMs need to be encapsulated, several types of metal containers have been developed and tested for their thermal conductivity and resistance to mechanical damage, which enhances the performance of these so-called latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES) systems. Long-term compatibility of metals with PCMs depends, i.e., on the elimination of an undesirable interaction between the metal and the specific PCM. Heat storage medium must be reliably sealed in a metal container, especially if the LHTES is integrated into systems where PCM leaks can negatively affect human health (e.g., domestic hot water tanks). The aim of this study is to evaluate the interactions between the selected commercially available organic (Linpar 17 and 1820) and inorganic (Rubitherm SP22 and SP25) PCMs and metals widely used for PCM encapsulation (aluminum, brass, carbon steel, and copper). The evaluation is based on the calculation of the corrosion rate (CR), and the gravimetric method is used for the determination of the weight variations of the metal samples. The results show good compatibility for all metals with organic PCMs, which is demonstrated by a mass loss as low as 2.1 mg in case of carbon steel immersed in Linpar 1820 for 12 weeks. The exposure of metals to organic PCMs also did not cause any visual changes on the surface except for darker stains, and tarnishing occurred on the copper samples. More pronounced changes were observed in metal samples immersed in inorganic PCMs. The highest CR values were calculated for carbon steel exposed to inorganic PCM Rubitherm SP25 (up to 13.897 mg·cm−2·year−1). The conclusion of the study is that aluminum is the most suitable container material for the tested PCMs as it shows the lowest mass loss and minimal visual changes on the surface after prolonged exposure to the selected PCMs.

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Step by Step Methodology for the Assessment of Metal Corrosion Rate with PCMs Suitable for Low Temperature Heat Storage Applications

Cited by 11 publications

References 3 publications

Investigation on compatibility and thermal reliability of phase change materials for low-temperature thermal energy storage

Investigation on compatibility and thermal reliability of phase change materials for low-temperature thermal energy storage

Tests on Material Compatibility of Phase Change Materials and Selected Plastics

Compatibility of Phase Change Materials and Metals: Experimental Evaluation Based on the Corrosion Rate

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