Stepwise reduction of graphene oxide and studies on defect-controlled physical properties

Abstract

Graphene oxide (GO) is a monolayer of oxidized graphene which is a convenient and potential candidate in a wide range of fields of applications like electronics, photonics, optoelectronics, energy storage, catalysis, chemical sensors, and many others. GO is often composed of various oxygen-containing groups such as hydroxyl, carboxyl, and epoxy. One appealing method for achieving graphene-like behavior with sp2 hybridized carbon is the reduction of GO i.e. formation of reduced graphene oxide (RGO). A stepwise reduction GO to form a family of RGO, containing various quantities of oxygen-related defects was carried out. Herein, the defects related chemical and physical properties of GO and the RGO family were studied and reported in an effort to understand how the properties of RGO vary with the reduction rate. Although there are several reports on various features and applications of GO and RGO but a systematic investigation of the variation of the physical and chemical properties in RGO with the varying quantities of oxygeneous defects is imperative for the engineered physical properties in achieving the desired field of applications. We have attempted to look at the role of sp2 and sp3 carbon fractions, which are present in RGO-based systems, and how they affect the electrical, optoelectronic, and adsorption characteristics.

Metal-free adsorption and photodegradation methods for methylene blue dye removal using different reduction grades of graphene oxide

“…Our findings indicate that the surface area of rGO-150 is 7.86 m 2 /g, which is higher than that of GO (6.610 m 2 /g). Additionally, the pore volume was also enhanced from 0.118 cc/g to 0.128 cc/g after reduction [ 31 , 32 ]. However, the BET surface areas of both samples are much lower than the theoretical limit of graphene, which is 2630 m 2 /g.…”

Reduced Graphene Oxide–SnSe Nanocomposite Photocatalyst with High Apparent Quantum Yield for the Photodegradation of Norfloxacin

“…To synthesize graphene oxide (GO), the modified Hummer’s method was followed. , The RGO–SnSe composite was synthesized by the solvothermal process, where SnCl 2 , 2H 2 O was used as the source of Sn, and selenium powder was used as the source of Se. Ethanolamine was used as the solvent.…”

Atomic-Level Insights into Defect-Driven Nitrogen Doping of Reduced Graphene Oxide

“…Additionally, numerous experimental and theoretical studies have explored the bonding natures and evolution of nitrogen-doped sites on pure graphene [32][33][34][35]. Recent research has highlighted that defects in the conjugated graphene network significantly influence the N-doping mechanism and, consequently, the doping efficiency of the material [36][37][38][39]. Nonetheless, a few studies have delved into a comprehensive understanding of the doping mechanisms of NRGO at the atomistic scale [40].…”