Sterane and triterpane biomarkers in the Precambrian Nonesuch Formation, North American Midcontinent Rift

Pratt, Lisa M.; Summons, Roger E.; Hieshima, G.B.

doi:10.1016/0016-7037(91)90351-5

Cited by 86 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The geographic pattern of temperatures determined from I/S geothermometry is identical to that determined from organic thermal maturity indicators in the Nonesuch Formation (Imbus et aL, 1988(Imbus et aL, , 1990Hieshima and Pratt, 1991;Pratt et al, 1991;Mauk and Hieshima, 1992).…”

supporting

confidence: 60%

“…I/S geothermometry in the area from White Pine, Michi-gan, to Wisconsin yields temperatures in the 115 ~ 160~ range, slightly higher than but still overlapping estimates from thermal modeling. Organic biomarker indices Pratt et al, 1991) from this area suggest temperatures in the low to middle range of the "oil window." Since oil generation spans the range from roughly 50 ~ to 200~ (Hunt, 1979;Ammosov, 1981), with maximum oil generation in the 100 ~ to 150~ range (Quigley and Mackenzie, 1988), organic thermal maturity data and I/S geothermometry indicate a thermal history consistent with oil generation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Illite/Smectite Geothermometry of the Proterozoic Oronto Group, Midcontinent Rift System

Price

McDowell

1993

Clays and clay miner.

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Abstract--Characterization of the Nonesuch Formation, middle unit of the Proterozoic Oronto Group, as a potential hydrocarbon source for the Lake Superior basin portion of the Midcontinent Rift system requires an understanding of the thermal maturity of the region and its relationship to the thermal history. Illite/smectite (I/S) expandability data were collected from the Nonesuch Formation and the overlying Freda Sandstone and compared with organic thermal maturity data; both data sets coupled with a thermal and burial history for the White Pine area of Michigan allow regional interpretation of maximum formation temperatures of the Nonesuch Formation and the Freda Sandstone with respect to time. Samples collected from drill holes in northeastern Wisconsin display nearly pure smectite within the lower Freda Sandstone trending abruptly to ordered I/S within the Nonesuch Formation. Regular trends of decreasing expandability with depth occur in four other drill holes to the northeast. Comparison ofI/S expandability between similar stratigraphic intervals reveals a significant trend of increasing thermal maturity to the northeast, with the lowest thermal maturities observed in the Iron River Syncline area just west of White Pine, Michigan.I/S geothermometry suggests maximum temperatures in the Nonesuch Formation of 140~ in Wisconsin, 115~ in the Iron River Syncline area, 160~ at White Pine, and 190~ near the southern portions of the Keweenaw Copper District. The geographic pattern of temperatures determined from I/S geothermometry is identical to that determined from organic thermal maturity indicators in the Nonesuch Formation (Imbus et aL, 1988(Imbus et aL, , 1990Hieshima and Pratt, 1991;Pratt et al., 1991;Mauk and Hieshima, 1992).Regular variations in I/S expandability with depth occur in the Freda Sandstone and the Nonesuch Formation near the southern limits of the Keweenaw Copper District. These variations suggest a fossil geothermal gradient of 55~ and limit the thickness of sediment above the Nonesuch Formation to approximately 3 kin. In comparison, 3.6 km of Freda Sandstone are presently exposed near the Wisconsin border, and numerical modeling suggests a range of 4-6 km of sediment overlying the Nonesuch Formarion. None of the data indicate the presence of the Bayfield Group sediments above the Nonesuch Formation at the time of clay diagenesis. Samples from White Pine suggest a two-stage burial history: 1) clay reaction, possible hydrocarbon maturation, and copper-sulfide mineralization at maximum temperatures above 100~ during the main rifting and burial event, followed by 2) fracturing, reverse faulting, and fluid circulation during a rift-terminating compressional event that may have allowed petroleum migration and native copper mineralization at temperatures below 100~ Abrupt changes in I/S expandability with depth and the presence of poorly crystalline I/S (greater than 80% expandable) and kaolinite in the Freda Sandstone in Wisconsin appear to represent later overprinting of the diagenetic assemblage ...

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supporting

confidence: 60%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Illite/Smectite Geothermometry of the Proterozoic Oronto Group, Midcontinent Rift System

Price

McDowell

1993

Clays and clay miner.

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“…But for the aforementioned period that lies between the first occurrence of undisputed eukaryotic microfossils (1.49 Ga, Roper Group) and the oldest detection of unambiguously syngenetic eukaryotic steranes (ca. 0.75 Ga, Chuar Group) our knowledge is currently limited to only a handful of biomarker studies that targeted rocks at 1.10 Ga (Oronto Group, USA; Imbus et al, 1988;Pratt et al, 1991), 1.11 Ga (Atar Group, Mauretania; Blumenberg et al, 2012) and 1.43 Ga (Roper Group, Australia; Dutkiewicz et al, 2003). The relevance of every additional study contributing to our understanding of Earth system evolution at this period in Earth history is thus incontestable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Comparative microbial diversity and redox environments of black shale and stromatolite facies in the Mesoproterozoic Xiamaling Formation

Luo

Hallmann

Xie

et al. 2015

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

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100

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“…The interval contains 250 to 700 ft of interbedded, laminated, dark gray to black siltstone, silty shale and sandstone. The silty shale contains TOC values averaging 0.6% and reaching a maximum of 3% (Imbus et al, 1990;Pratt et al, 1991). The greatest TOC values in the Nonesuch and equivalents occur near the middle of the unit and toward the eastern end of the rift system.…”

Section: Evidence For Basin-centered Gasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Basin-centered gas systems of the U.S.

Popov¹,

Nuccio²,

Dyman³

et al. 2001

Open-File Report

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Sterane and triterpane biomarkers in the Precambrian Nonesuch Formation, North American Midcontinent Rift

Cited by 86 publications

References 11 publications

Illite/Smectite Geothermometry of the Proterozoic Oronto Group, Midcontinent Rift System

Illite/Smectite Geothermometry of the Proterozoic Oronto Group, Midcontinent Rift System

Comparative microbial diversity and redox environments of black shale and stromatolite facies in the Mesoproterozoic Xiamaling Formation

Basin-centered gas systems of the U.S.

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