Stereo vision and strabismus

Read, Jenny C. A.

doi:10.1038/eye.2014.279

Cited by 95 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 113 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…This process depends on disparity-selective neurons in primary visual cortex, 14 in contrast to local stereopsis which appear to have other neural substrates. [15][16][17][18] These neurons allow very precise, fine stereopsis, but only over a narrow fusional range. 14,19 Therefore, global stereopsis requires adequate motor alignment of the eyes, which is harder to achieve without monocular cues.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overestimation of stereo thresholds by the TNO stereotest is not due to global stereopsis

Vancleef

Read

Herbert

et al. 2017

Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

PurposeIt has been repeatedly shown that the TNO stereotest overestimates stereo threshold compared to other clinical stereotests. In the current study, we test whether this overestimation can be attributed to a distinction between ‘global’ (or ‘cyclopean’) and ‘local’ (feature or contour‐based) stereopsis.MethodsWe compared stereo thresholds of a global (TNO) and a local clinical stereotest (Randot Circles). In addition, a global and a local psychophysical stereotest were added to the design. One hundred and forty‐nine children between 4 and 16 years old were included in the study.ResultsStereo threshold estimates with TNO were a factor of two higher than with any of the other stereotests. No significant differences were found between the other tests. Bland‐Altman analyses also indicated low agreement between TNO and the other stereotests, especially for higher stereo threshold estimates. Simulations indicated that the TNO test protocol and test disparities can account for part of this effect.DiscussionThe results indicate that the global – local distinction is an unlikely explanation for the overestimated thresholds of TNO. Test protocol and disparities are one contributing factor. Potential additional factors include the nature of the task (TNO requires depth discrimination rather than detection) and the use of anaglyph red/green 3D glasses rather than polarizing filters, which may reduce binocular fusion.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overestimation of stereo thresholds by the TNO stereotest is not due to global stereopsis

Vancleef

Read

Herbert

et al. 2017

Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Abnormal binocular function and thus impaired stereoscopic vision can be observed in various ocular diseases including amblyopia [22, 23], strabismus [24], and anisometropia [25]. Previously, a reduced stereoscopic function was also shown in patients with central scotoma in one eye resulting from retinal diseases [16, 26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stereoscopic Vision in Macular Telangiectasia Type 2

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose: To investigate stereoscopic vision in patients with macular telangiectasia (MacTel) type 2 and correlate paracentral sensitivity loss to reduced stereoscopic function. Methods: In a prospective single-center study, 50 patients with MacTel type 2 and 25 age-matched controls were investigated. Stereoscopic function was evaluated with Lang I, Titmus, and TNO tests. Sensitivity of the central 16° was tested using fundus-controlled perimetry (microperimetry). Functional loss was quantified as depth, size, and localization of scotomata. Results: Both the Titmus and the TNO test revealed significantly reduced stereoscopic vision in patients compared to controls (p < 0.0001 for both). This applied even to patients with only relative or monocular paracentral scotoma. A strong correlation was observed for reduced stereoscopic vision with horizontal scotoma size and with the distance of scotomata from the foveal center. Conclusions: The results indicate that stereoscopic vision is impaired early in patients with MacTel type 2. A paracentral sensitivity loss, even if mild and limited to one eye, may considerably interfere with stereoscopic function despite normal visual acuity. Projection of paracentral scotomata within the patient’s central visual field plays an important role in stereoscopic vision and should be considered when interpreting stereoscopic test results.

show abstract

“…As a consequence, it is a great pity that there is not currently a clinical test that can detect these deficiencies in the normal population and do it in a reliable way with an associated measure of variability. The current book tests (Randot and TNO but see 11 for complete list) only measure depth detection for a fixed polarity (i.e., depth magnitude) and hence would miss the stereo-deficiencies reported here. The Frisby test (Burnell Co) does involve a depth polarity judgement but lacks an associated measure of variance, necessary for within-subject comparisons.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deficient stereopsis in the normal population revisited: why current clinical stereo tests may not be adequate

Hess

Dillon

Ding

et al. 2019

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

9Significance statement: Applied applications for occupational screening, clinical tests should 3 0 assess sensitivity to the sign as well as the magnitude of disparity. 1Purpose: To determine why the high incidence of stereo anomaly found using laboratory tests 3 2 with polarity-based increment judgements (i.e., depth sign) is not reflected in clinical 3 3 measurements that involve single-polarity incremental judgements (i.e., depth magnitude). 4Methods: An iPod-based measurement that involved the detection of an oriented shape defined 3 5 by a single polarity-depth increment within a random dot display was used. A staircase 3 6 procedure was used to gather sufficient trials to derive a meaningful measure of variance for the 3 7 measurement of stereopsis over a large disparity range. Forty-five adults with normal binocular 3 8 vision (20 -65 years old) and normal or corrected-to-normal (0 logMAR or better) monocular 3 9vision participated in this study. 0Results: Observers' stereo acuities ranged between 10 and 100 arc seconds, and were 4 1 normally distributed on a log scale (p = 0.90, 2-tailed Shapiro-Wilk test). The present results 4 2 using a single polarity depth increment task (i.e., depth magnitude) show a similar distribution to 4 3 those using a similar task using the Randot preschool stereo test on individuals between the 4 4 ages of 19-35 using either the 4-book test (n = 33) or the 3-book test (n = 40), but very different 4 5 results when the iPod test involved a polarity-based increment judgement (i.e., depth sign). 4 6 Conclusions: The present clinical stereo tests are based on magnitude judgements and are 4 7 unable to detect the high percentage of stereo anomalous individuals in the normal population 4 8 revealed using depth sign judgements.4 9

show abstract

Stereo vision and strabismus

Cited by 95 publications

References 113 publications

Overestimation of stereo thresholds by the TNO stereotest is not due to global stereopsis

Overestimation of stereo thresholds by the TNO stereotest is not due to global stereopsis

Stereoscopic Vision in Macular Telangiectasia Type 2

Deficient stereopsis in the normal population revisited: why current clinical stereo tests may not be adequate

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About