Stereoacuity and Multifocal Intraocular Lenses - a Systematic Review

Abstract

Background: Among various visual functions, stereoacuity, or the ability to perceive depth, is the most sophisticated binocular function. Many publications discuss the influence of retinal image formation by multifocal intraocular lenses on glare and contrast sensitivity, but only a few present results of testing binocular vision in patients with multifocal intraocular lenses. Objective: This article is designed to review the results of testing binocular vision in patients with multifocal intraocular lenses implanted in cataract surgery. Methods: This article was performed based on a literature review and Internet search through scientific databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Results: Some reports found that patients implanted with the monofocal lens, when measured with a near addition, presented statistically significant better stereoacuity scores than those implanted with any of the multifocal intraocular lens types. When the TNO test was used for measurement, statistically significant better stereoacuity was disclosed with the refractive multifocal intraocular lens than with the diffractive-based multifocal intraocular lens design. Stereoacuity scores, even within the same types of lenses, were significantly better with the Titmus test than with the TNO test. Conclusion: Stereoacuity is not affected by multifocality-induced retinal blur as it is by other causes of image degradation such as small residual refractive error very early opacification of ocular media or dry eye. Multifocal intraocular lenses do not cause more functional aniseikonia than would be expected with a monofocal intraocular lens. Since stereoacuity is compromised with unilateral multifocal intraocular lens implantation bilateral implantation should be attempted.

Bibliometric analysis of research relating to refractive cataract surgery over a 20-year period: from 2003 to 2022

“…With the application of a multifocal IOL, better-uncorrected distance visual acuity and spectacle independence attract more attention. However, complications may affect the patient's quality of life and level of satisfaction, such as glare, halo, or starbursts [57] . Now studies have been focusing on improving visual quality after multifocal IOL implantation, such as aberration-correcting, measurement of kappa angle, and avoiding IOL tilt [58][59][60] .…”

Comparison of Target Refraction with Optical Vs. Immersion Biometry with Ladi Adjustment using Barrett Universal II Formula after Phacoemulsification with Premium IOLs

“…The introduction of premium intraocular lenses (IOLs) has played a major role in this evolution over the past decade. In addition to the tried and tested monofocal IOL, multifocal, toric and extended depth of focus (EDOF) IOLs have enabled surgeons cater to the individual visual needs of their patients [2][3][4]. Ocular biometry has also improved significantly from ultrasound technology to optical methods using partial coherence interferometry, optical low-coherence reflectometry and more recently, swept-source OCT-based machines that are accurate even in dense cataracts [5][6][7][8].…”