Stereology: A Historical Survey

Cruz‐Orive, Luis M.

doi:10.5566/ias.1767

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 126 publications

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“…The only practical limitation is the basic requirement that all the particles in the population should be unambiguously identifiable for manual counting in the considered image. It is based on well known principles of geometric sampling for stereology which have been previously applied to quantitative microscopy [ 18 , 19 ]. The main idea is to properly sample and count between 50 and 200 particles in order to estimate populations of any size and spatial distribution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simplified procedure for efficient and unbiased population size estimation

Cruz

González‐Villa

2018

PLoS ONE

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Population size estimation is relevant to social and ecological sciences. Exhaustive manual counting, the density method and automated computer vision are some of the estimation methods that are currently used. Some of these methods may work in concrete cases but they do not provide a fast, efficient and unbiased estimation in general. Recently, the CountEm method, based on systematic sampling with a grid of quadrats, was proposed. It offers an unbiased estimation that can be applied to any population. However, choosing suitable grid parameters is sometimes cumbersome. Here we define a more intuitive grid parametrization, using initial number of quadrats and sampling fraction. A crowd counting dataset with 51 images and their corresponding, manually annotated position point patterns, are used to analyze the variation of the coefficient of error with respect to different parameter choices. Our Monte Carlo resampling results show that the error depends on the sample size and the number of nonempty quadrats, but not on the size of the target population. A procedure to choose suitable parameter values is described, and the expected coefficients of error are given. Counting about 100 particles in 30 nonempty quadrats usually yields coefficients of error below 10%.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simplified procedure for efficient and unbiased population size estimation

Cruz

González‐Villa

2018

PLoS ONE

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“…A computer program has been developed for all calculations. The graphs of the distributions P k (d) grain and P k (l) grain obtained and P k (d) sphere (P k (l) circle ) calculated according with equations (8) are shown in Fig. 4, where the proximity of the distributions of P k (d) grain and P k (l) grain and the distinct difference between these distributions and P k (d) sphere and P k (l) circle are seen.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Examples of such materials are metals, concretes, rocks, ceramics, open-porosity materials, biofilms, foams, etc. Size distribution of their structural components is an important characteristic of materials [1][2][3] and it can be determined by reconstruction from a series of parallel sections planes [4][5][6] or by stereological methods that apply mathematical relations between 2D and 3D geometry [7,8]. Stereological methods have an advantage over serial sections methods, because they are not so laborious and do not require such a significant material destruction as the parallel sections techniques.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Method for the simulation and reconstruction of 3D particle size distributions in metal structures

Danilenko

2018

MATEC Web Conf.

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The stereological method for studying grain structures is presented, it determines the interrelation between the size distributions of three-dimensional grains and their planar and linear sections. Method is applicable for both reconstruction and simulation of the 3D structures. The polyhedral shape of the grains is taken into account by means of the shape factors established for them. An original method to determine the distribution of plane sections from the certain grain-polyhedron to calculate the shape factors is presented. This method can be used to describe the shape of different structural components in many materials: steels, cast irons, concretes, rocks, ceramics, open-porosity materials, biofilms, foams, etc. The stereological method is also applicable to structures with spherical particles, for which the shape factors are equal to unity. The method makes it possible to create the standards of plane sections of grain structures and other structures with a previously known size distribution of 3D grains or particles.

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“…Thus, the approach is design based, see Cruz-Orive (2017), and it warrants unbiasedness (namely absence of systematic errors). Therefore, it is fast, accurate and reliable compared to the mentioned alternatives.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Systematic sampling is performed with a uniform random grid of quadrats and can be applied to populations of any size and spatial distribution. Thus, the approach is design based, see Cruz-Orive (2017), and it warrants unbiasedness (namely absence of systematic errors).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The CountEm software: simple, efficient and unbiased population size estimation

González‐Villa

Cruz

2019

Ecography

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Population size estimation is essential in ecology and conservation studies. Aerial photography can facilitate this laborious task with high resolution images. However, in images with thousands of individuals exhaustive manual counting is tedious, slow and difficult to verify. Computer vision software may work under some particular conditions but they are generally biased and known to fail in several situations. The CountEm software is a simple alternative based on geometric sampling. It provides a fast and unbiased size estimation for all sorts of populations. The only requirement is that the discrete objects (e.g. animals) in the target population are unambiguously distinguishable for counting in a still image. Typical relative standard errors in the 5–10% range are obtained after counting ~200 properly sampled animals in about 5 min irrespective of population size. The CountEm ver. 1.4.1 is presented here, which includes a guided mode with a simple software interface.

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Stereology: A Historical Survey

Cited by 12 publications

References 126 publications

Simplified procedure for efficient and unbiased population size estimation

Simplified procedure for efficient and unbiased population size estimation

Method for the simulation and reconstruction of 3D particle size distributions in metal structures

The CountEm software: simple, efficient and unbiased population size estimation

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