Stereology and 3d Microscopy: Useful Alternatives or Competitors in the Quantitative Analysis of Microstructures?

Exner, Hans Eckart

doi:10.5566/ias.v23.p73-82

Cited by 36 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The second method is based on a stereological approach where the mean pore radius, L, within individual slices in the X, Y and Z directions, is determined by calculating the mean volume to surface ratio according to Equation 2, where Vv is the volume fraction of the pore, and Sv is the interface density [34,35].…”

Section: Quantifying Pore Size Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterising the structural properties of polymer separators for lithium-ion batteries in 3D using phase contrast X-ray microscopy

Finegan

Cooper

Tjaden

et al. 2016

Journal of Power Sources

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Separators are an integral component for optimising performance and safety of lithium-ion batteries; therefore, a clear understanding of how their microstructure affects cell performance and safety is crucial. Phase contrast X-ray microscopy is used here to capture the microstructures of commercial monolayer, tri-layer, and ceramic-coated lithium-ion battery polymer separators. Spatial variations in key structural parameters, including porosity, tortuosity factor and pore size distribution, are determined through the application of 3D quantification techniques and stereology. The architectures of individual layers in multi-layer membranes are characterised, revealing anisotropy in porosity, tortuosity factor and mean pore size of the three types of separator. Detailed structural properties of the individual layers of multi-layered membranes are then related with their expected effect on safety and rate capability of cells.

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Section: Quantifying Pore Size Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the first time, the porosity, tortuosity factor and PSD are determined locally through a combination of 3D quantification [6], stereological [34,35], and image based modelling [19,23] techniques, providing spatial information on the structural properties of commonly used commercial polymer separators.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterising the structural properties of polymer separators for lithium-ion batteries in 3D using phase contrast X-ray microscopy

Finegan

Cooper

Tjaden

et al. 2016

Journal of Power Sources

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“…The 3D porosity of the overall sample and the 2D porosity of each image slice were determined by counting the pixels of the respective phases. The 2D pore diameter was calculated by dividing the pore volume fraction by the interface area between the two phases (Russ and DeHoff, 2000;Exner, 2004;Finegan et al, 2016;Taiwo et al, 2016a) for each image plane along all three axes of each sample:…”

Section: X-ray Nano Computed Tomographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Contradictory concepts in tortuosity determination in porous media in electrochemical devices

Tjaden

Finegan

Lane³

et al. 2017

Chemical Engineering Science

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Porous media are a vital component in almost every electrochemical device in the form of electrode, support or gas diffusion layers. Microstructural parameters of porous layers such as tortuosity, porosity and pore size diameter are of high importance and crucial for diffusive mass transport calculations. Among these parameters, the tortuosity remains ill-defined in the field of electrochemistry, resulting in a wide range of different calculation approaches. Here, we present a systematic approach of calculating the tortuosity of different porous samples using image and diffusion cell experimental-based methods. Image-based analyses include a selection of geometric and flux-based tortuosity calculation algorithms. Differences between the image and diffusion cell-based results are encountered and attributed to the small pore diameters and thereby induced Knudsen effects within the samples which govern the diffusion flux. Highlights Microstructural analysis of oxygen transport membrane porous supports.  Correlative tortuosity determinations via X-ray tomography and diffusion cell experiments.  Evaluation of the effect of tortuosity, porosity and sample thickness on diffusion resistance.  Visible differences between different tortuosity calculation approaches are encountered.  Diffusion cell experiments yield the highest and geometric-based image quantification algorithms result in the lowest tortuosity values.

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“…There are methods for converting two-dimensional distributions to pseudo three-dimensional distributions based on assumptions of the form of the feature distribution. For example, the Scheil-Saltykov method (Exner, 2004;Gegner, 2006) can be used to convert the feature (e.g., pore or inclusion) size distribution obtained in two-dimensions to what would be expected in three-dimensions assuming a lognormal distribution of spherical features. It is noted that, in general, the geometry, and consequently, response of real three-dimensional microstructure cannot be directly obtained from a single two-dimensional image.…”

Section: Figure 14mentioning

confidence: 99%

A hierarchical framework for the multiscale modeling of microstructure evolution in heterogeneous materials.

Luscher¹

2010

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSAs far as I am concerned, there is no better way to celebrate a success than to share the credit with those that have contributed to the effort. Here I share credit with those people that have had tremendous impact to the successful completion of requirements for my PhD degree at Georgia Tech, including this dissertation.Of primary importance in this acknowledgement is to convey how substantial I consider my wife's sacrifices over the last five years. With the sole exception of unmarried PhD candidates, Ido not imagine that there exists a PhD thesis whose acknowledgement section does not make reference to the author's spouse. So I strive to make this acknowledgement of my wife's contributions to my success so compelling and unique that it escapes the status of 'formality'. To attempt this, I will provide a single anecdote selected from five years of worthy material.Stephanie Luscher endured months alone keeping our house in Los Alamos while I was in Atlanta attending classes and fulfilling residency requirements. During that time, she continued working as an engineering design review coordinator at Los Alamos National Lab. While in Oregon to visit family during the winter of 2004-5, a water pipe inside our Los Alamos house froze and burst. Over the next week, 90,000 gallons of water flowed throughout our house ruining just about everything. We returned home and opened soggy Christmas presents from the relative comfort of our car parked in the driveway while contemplating our next course of action.Our house required extensive repairs including a new heating system, kitchen cabinets, flooring, and complete refinishing of the interior walls. We lived in a motor home, a rented house, and a hotel over the course of six months of these repairs. Within two weeks of this happening, I was back in Atlanta and Stephanie was left to manage the reconstruction effort by herself. Of course, this is a single example of how Stephanie has sacrificed, and tended to the many details of life, in order to allow me to focus attention on the work presented within this thesis. Stephanie, I thank iv you for the support and sacrifice you have made to help me accomplish this goal. I'm glad you embraced "my goal" as "our goal."Well in advance of thoughts regarding graduate school, my parents instilled a few helpful traits in me. As a young boy, during hot summers spent roofing with my Dad, Mark Luscher, I learned to work hard and to play hard. My Dad taught me that sometimes "getting the job done" is not elegant; it simply requires you to roll up your sleeves and get to work. As a complement to this, my Mom taught me the importance of precision and attention to detail. Together, my parents have taught me the importance of family, which supersedes all else. Engineering division leader (W-DO), gave me opportunities to excel within the weapons program. Ryan Maupin, group leader for Advanced Engineering Analysis (W-13) has enthusiastically supported and trusted me, both as my manager and friend, to pursue a course of research th...

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Stereology and 3d Microscopy: Useful Alternatives or Competitors in the Quantitative Analysis of Microstructures?

Cited by 36 publications

References 19 publications

Characterising the structural properties of polymer separators for lithium-ion batteries in 3D using phase contrast X-ray microscopy

Characterising the structural properties of polymer separators for lithium-ion batteries in 3D using phase contrast X-ray microscopy

Contradictory concepts in tortuosity determination in porous media in electrochemical devices

A hierarchical framework for the multiscale modeling of microstructure evolution in heterogeneous materials.

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