Stereoscopic Acuity for Various Levels of Illumination

Abstract

8 The literature on relativistic wave equations is very extensive. Besides the papers quoted in reference 11, we only mention the book by de Broglie, L., Theorie gene'rale des particides a' spin (Paris, 1943), and the following articles which give a systematic account of the subject:

The independence of dynamic spatial orientation from luminance and refractive error

“…Essentially all of the classical visual functions, such as visual acuity (Shlaer, 1937), flicker, (Hecht & Verrijp, 1933), stereoscopic depth (Mueller & Lloyd, 1948), and brightness discrimination (Hecht, Peskin, & Patt, 1938), as well as reaction time (Teichner & Krebs, 1972), are very sensitive to luminance, demonstrating a marked improvement in performance with increasing luminance before reach- ing an asymptote at higher luminance levels. Correspondingly, a large proportion of the psychophysical literature is concerned with the effect of manipulation of luminous energy in the form of luminance level and/or duration of exposure.…”

Binocular depth discrimination depends on orientation

“…In this second experiment, depth thresholds were measured for orientations ranging from 90 0 to 180 0 , in 15 0 increments, using the double-staircase procedure described in the methods. Threshold values were derived by plotting the proportion of trials on which the center rod was judged nearer than the flanking rods; a smooth curve was fitted by eye to the points, the site of disparity-specific visual aftereffects (Blakemore & Hague, 1972;Mitchell & Baker, 1973) precedes the mechanism responsible for visual orientation constancy (Findlay & Parker, 1972;Mitchell & Blakemore, 1972 The accuracy of stereoscopic depth discrimination depends on a number of factors, including retinal illumination (Mueller & Lloyd, 1948), lateral separation between test lines (e.g., Graham, Riggs, Mueller, & Solomon, 1949), similarity in shape of the test lines (Mitchell & O'Hagan, 1972), and the length of the test lines (e. g., Andersen & Weymouth, 1923). To this list of influencing factors we now can add the orientation of the retinal images of the test lines.…”

Stereoscopic acuity for photometrically matched background wavelengths at scotopic and photopic levels

“…Stereoscopic depth-discrimination thresholds for black targets presented against a white background at scotopic and photopic levels of illumination have been systematically studied by several investigators (Hirsch & Weymouth, 1948;Mueller & Lloyd, 1948;Lit, 1959). The data presented by Lit (1959), for example, show a 20-fold increase in stereoscopic acuity as background illumination is increased over 5 log units.…”