Stereoscopic Imaging of Diatoms in Light and Electron Microscopy

Sturm, Robert

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-39212-3_11

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…In stereo anaglyphs the two views are superimposed, forming a single image, of which the views can be separated by means of a pair of complementary filters (Rollmann, 1853). Since stereo anaglyphs require only inexpensive cardboard glasses with film filters and can be easily embedded in both digital and printed documents, they are widely used in natural history publications, with red cyan being the most widespread filter colour combination (e.g., Haug et al, 2013;Sturm, 2020). Pairs of images can be converted into stereo anaglyphs using dedicated programs or feature-rich raster graphic editors (Turnnidge and Pizzanelli, 1997;Purnell, 2003).…”

Section: Stereoscopic Visualisation Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flatbed scanners as versatile tools for studying surface details of compression fossils

Schädel,

Schubert

2024

Palaeontol Electron

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Compression fossils can be challenging to interpret, especially when necessary information is not apparent from colour alone, e.g., when there is little organic matter preserved. In this case, the shape of the fossil's surface can often still provide much information about the morphology of the preserved organism. Stereo photography and recording images with incident light from different directions (Multi Light Image Collections) are suitable methods to retrieve surface details for inspection or further processing. It has been shown that CCD-type flatbed scanners (one of two widespread scanner architectures) act as cameras with cylindrical projections. The displacement of subjects perpendicular to the scanning direction allows capturing stereographic image sets, like using regular photographic camera lenses, which approximate a point projection. This technique is particularly well-suited for documenting compression fossils. As most CCD-type flatbed scanners illuminate the scanned area with a single movable lamp, the resulting images are evenly illuminated from one direction. This can be utilized to create Multi Light Image Collections by rotating the subject on the scanner surface. When rotated by defined angles, standard photometric stereo programs can be used to retrieve digital models of the surface, such as normal maps (a graphical representation of the surface shape). While consumer grade CCD-type flatbed scanners are not suited for all size ranges of fossils and desired image magnifications, for many compression fossils they can serve as a versatile tool for documenting surface shapes, especially when dedicated imaging equipment is unavailable.

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