Stereoscopic perception of real depths at large distances

Palmisano, Stephen; Gillam, Barbara; Govan, Donovan G.; Allison, Robert S.; Harris, Julie M.

doi:10.1167/10.6.19

Cited by 73 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Beyond a hundred meters, even very large absolute depth separations produce uncrossed disparities that are very small (Ogle, 1950;Palmisano et al, 2010). Ogle suggested that stereopsis should no longer be apparent beyond 300-650m where the size of binocular disparities is below detection thresholds (Ogle, 1950).…”

Section: Stereopsis In Real Scenes and The Magnitude Of Binocular Dismentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward a new theory of stereopsis.

Vishwanath¹

2014

Psychological Review

209

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Humans can obtain an unambiguous perception of depth and 3-dimensionality with one eye or when viewing a pictorial image of a 3-dimensional scene. However, the perception of depth when viewing a real scene with both eyes is qualitatively different: there is a vivid impression of tangible solid form and immersive negative space. This perceptual phenomenon, referred to as "stereopsis", has been among the central puzzles of perception since the time of da Vinci. After Wheatstone's invention of the stereoscope in 1838, stereopsis has conventionally been explained as a by-product of binocular vision or visual parallax. However, this explanation is challenged by the observation that the impression of stereopsis can be induced in single pictures under monocular viewing. Here I propose an alternative hypothesis that stereopsis is a qualitative visual experience related to the perception of egocentric spatial scale. Specifically, the primary phenomenal characteristic of stereopsis (the impression of 'real' separation in depth) is proposed to be linked to the precision with which egocentrically scaled depth (absolute depth) is derived. Since conscious awareness of this precision could help guide the planning of motor action, the hypothesis provides a functional account for the important phenomenal characteristic associated with stereopsis: the impression of interactability. By linking stereopsis to a generic perceptual attribute, rather than a specific cue, it provides a potentially more unified account of the variation of stereopsis in real scenes and pictures, and a basis for understanding why we can perceive depth in pictures despite conflicting visual signals. StereopsisVishwanath 3

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Section: Stereopsis In Real Scenes and The Magnitude Of Binocular Dismentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward a new theory of stereopsis.

Vishwanath¹

2014

Psychological Review

209

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Stereoacuity is naturally limited with a conservative threshold of about 10 seconds of arc [20]. Considering this threshold and referring to Equation 1, the maximum distance at which stereopsis may produce usable data would be ca.…”

Section: Stereopsismentioning

confidence: 99%

Distance estimation in large immersive projection systems, revisited

Bruder

Sanz

Olivier

et al. 2015

2015 IEEE Virtual Reality (VR)

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When walking within an immersive projection environment, accommodation distance, parallax and angular resolution vary according to the distance between the user and the projection walls which can influence spatial perception. As CAVE-like virtual environments get bigger, accurate spatial perception within the projection setup becomes increasingly important for application domains that require the user to be able to naturally explore a virtual environment by moving through the physical interaction space. In this paper we describe an experiment which analyzes how distance estimation is biased when the distance to the screen and parallax vary. The experiment was conducted in a large immersive projection setup with up to ten meter interaction space. The results showed that both the screen distance and parallax have a strong asymmetric effect on distance judgments. We found an increased distance underestimation for positive parallax conditions. In contrast, we found less distance overestimation for negative and zero parallax conditions. We conclude the paper discussing the results with view on future large immersive projection environments.

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“…While research has provided evidence that binocular disparity can enable improved distance perception for distances as far as 40 meters away [38], the usefulness of stereo for practical spatial tasks is generally limited to 10 meters, and is best within one meter [39]. It follows, then, that stereo would be most helpful for close-range spatial inspection tasks (which our task was, as participants moved up close to potential collision areas in order to make judgments).…”

Section: Perceptual Cues and Spatial Tasksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studying the Effects of Stereo, Head Tracking, and Field of Regard on a Small-Scale Spatial Judgment Task

Ragan

Kopper

Schuchardt³

et al. 2013

IEEE Trans. Visual. Comput. Graphics

112

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Abstract-Spatial judgments are important for many real-world tasks in engineering and scientific visualization. While existing research provides evidence that higher levels of display and interaction fidelity in virtual reality systems offer advantages for spatial understanding, few investigations have focused on small-scale spatial judgments or employed experimental tasks similar to those used in real-world applications. After an earlier study that considered a broad analysis of various spatial understanding tasks, we present the results of a follow-up study focusing on small-scale spatial judgments. In this research, we independently controlled field of regard, stereoscopy, and head-tracked rendering to study their effects on the performance of a task involving precise spatial inspections of complex 3D structures. Measuring time and errors, we asked participants to distinguish between structural gaps and intersections between components of 3D models designed to be similar to real underground cave systems. The overall results suggest that the addition of the higher fidelity system features support performance improvements in making small-scale spatial judgments. Through analyses of the effects of individual system components, the experiment shows that participants made significantly fewer errors with either an increased field of regard or with the addition of head-tracked rendering. The results also indicate that participants performed significantly faster when the system provided the combination of stereo and head-tracked rendering.

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Stereoscopic perception of real depths at large distances

Cited by 73 publications

References 33 publications

Toward a new theory of stereopsis.

Toward a new theory of stereopsis.

Distance estimation in large immersive projection systems, revisited

Studying the Effects of Stereo, Head Tracking, and Field of Regard on a Small-Scale Spatial Judgment Task

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