Stereotaxic Neurosurgery in Laboratory Rodent

Ferry, Barbara; Gervasoni, Damien; Vogt, Catherine

doi:10.1007/978-2-8178-0472-9

Cited by 29 publications

(27 citation statements)

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“…Although this could indicate possible spatial normalization inaccuracies between the individual images and the atlas, proper global alignment between them was qualitatively verified for each animal individually based on visual assessment of corresponding anatomical features in the brain. Instead, the observed bregma/lambda offsets could also result from local inter-animal variability in the location of these cranial landmarks themselves913 and/or from ambiguity and uncertainty when visually locating bregma and lambda in the CT images. It should also be pointed out that, in our study setup, the location of bregma and lambda as derived from the CT images is independent from their location on the skull as determined during the surgery itself, as the CT was not used for surgery planning.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The rat brain in stereotaxic coordinates (George Paxinos and Charles Watson, Academic Press, 20068) and skull landmarks (e.g. bregma (B), lambda (L)) for localizing the target in the rodent brain and for surgery planning9. Stereotaxic frames used in small animal brain surgery have species-specific head mounting platforms, with a manipulator that can move in three dimensions along the axes with respect to the head holder.…”

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Image-based in vivo assessment of targeting accuracy of stereotactic brain surgery in experimental rodent models

Rangarajan

Velde

Gent

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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Stereotactic neurosurgery is used in pre-clinical research of neurological and psychiatric disorders in experimental rat and mouse models to engraft a needle or electrode at a pre-defined location in the brain. However, inaccurate targeting may confound the results of such experiments. In contrast to the clinical practice, inaccurate targeting in rodents remains usually unnoticed until assessed by ex vivo end-point histology. We here propose a workflow for in vivo assessment of stereotactic targeting accuracy in small animal studies based on multi-modal post-operative imaging. The surgical trajectory in each individual animal is reconstructed in 3D from the physical implant imaged in post-operative CT and/or its trace as visible in post-operative MRI. By co-registering post-operative images of individual animals to a common stereotaxic template, targeting accuracy is quantified. Two commonly used neuromodulation regions were used as targets. Target localization errors showed not only variability, but also inaccuracy in targeting. Only about 30% of electrodes were within the subnucleus structure that was targeted and a-specific adverse effects were also noted. Shifting from invasive/subjective 2D histology towards objective in vivo 3D imaging-based assessment of targeting accuracy may benefit a more effective use of the experimental data by excluding off-target cases early in the study.Stereotactic neurosurgery is used to introduce a needle or an electrode at a precise location in the brain, for instance to perform deep brain stimulation (DBS), lesioning (e.g. ablation) or cell-based therapy in patients to ameliorate symptoms of neurological disease. Clinical use of stereotactic neurosurgery benefits from experimental research on rodent models, for instance to identify potential target regions. Likewise, small animal investigations like DBS for neuromodulation 1,2 , electrochemical/ electrolytic lesioning for creating animal models or ameliorating symptoms 3,4 , as well as gene therapy investigations involving injection of stem cells/therapeutic agents/tracers 5-7 requires stereotactic brain surgery. They rely on standard stereotaxic brain atlases (e.g. The rat brain in stereotaxic coordinates (George Paxinos and Charles Watson, Academic Press, 2006 8 ) and skull landmarks (e.g. bregma (B), lambda (L)) for localizing the target in the rodent brain and for surgery planning 9 . Stereotaxic frames used in small animal brain surgery have species-specific head mounting platforms, with a manipulator that can move in three dimensions along the axes with respect to the head holder. The targeting accuracy of such devices is dependent on numerous factors, such as inter-animal anatomical variability, positioning errors (e.g. skull flat position), scaling errors (e.g. when using the same atlas with animals of a different size or strain), errors in intra-operative localization of bregma, operator-specific deviations etc. Some of these sources of inaccuracy in small animal stereotactic surgery have been characterized in previo...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Image-based in vivo assessment of targeting accuracy of stereotactic brain surgery in experimental rodent models

Rangarajan

Velde

Gent

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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“…On the research side, stereotaxic (or stereotactic) surgery for small animals is an indispensable tool for many types of neuroscience studies 6 . Stereotaxic surgeries are routinely performed in neuroscience laboratories for a variety of surgical procedures, including the creation of site-targeted lesions, injection of anatomical tracers, implantation of electrophysiology electrodes, and insertion of optical fibers or micro-dialysis probes [7][8][9] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Robotic Stereotaxic System based on 3D skull reconstruction to improve surgical accuracy and speed

Lucas

Pun

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Neuroscience in-vivo animal studies often require injecting DNA material or fluorescent dyes into specific brain regions within the animal's skull. Currently, these types of injections or surgical procedures are done manually by skilled researchers using mechanically based stereotaxic platforms. However, alignment can be very time-consuming and prone to error due to the small size of brain targets.We developed a next generation robotic stereotaxic platform for small animals by combining a threedimensional (3D) skull profiler sub-system and a full six degree-of-freedom (6DOF) robotic platform to improve spatial accuracy and surgical speed. The 3D skull profiler is based on structure illumination in which a video projector projects a series of horizontal and vertical line patterns onto an animal skull and capture by two two-dimensional (2D) regular CCD cameras to reconstruct an accurate 3D skull surface based on geometrical triangulation. Using the reconstructed 3D skull profile, the skull can be guided and repositioned using a 6DOF robotic platform which is based on the Stewart design to precisely and accurately align a surgical tool with the intention of reaching a specific brain target. The system was evaluated using mechanical measurement techniques and the precision targeting of the platform was demonstrated using an agar brain phantom. An anesthetized Monogonal gerbil was also used for the system to target the medial nuclear of the trapezoid body (MNTB) by dye injection using a glass pipette. Fluorescence imaging of the excised brain slices confirmed the accuracy of targeting the brain nucleus. The results indicate that this new stereotaxic system can improve accuracy and speed of small-scale brain surgeries for neuroscience studies which may accelerate neuroscience discoveries and reduce the attrition rate of experimental animals.

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“…After arrival, they were housed two per cage in transparent Makrolon cages (43 × 22 × 16 cm) in a temperature-controlled (21˚C) colony room and maintained on a standard 12-h light/dark cycle (lights from 7:00 a.m. to 7:00 p.m.) with access to food and water ad libitum. After arrival, the animals were allowed to acclimate to the laboratory conditions for a period of 1 wk before surgery.All surgical procedures were conducted under optimal aseptic, analgesic, and ethical animal care conditions (see Ferry et al 2014) by those authorized to do so. Twenty-one rats were anesthetized by intraperitoneal (i.p.)…”

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confidence: 99%

“…All surgical procedures were conducted under optimal aseptic, analgesic, and ethical animal care conditions (see Ferry et al 2014) by those authorized to do so. Twenty-one rats were anesthetized by intraperitoneal (i.p.)…”

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The orexin component of fasting triggers memory processes underlying conditioned food selection in the rat

Ferry

Duchamp‐Viret

2014

Learn. Mem.

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To test the selectivity of the orexin A (OXA) system in olfactory sensitivity, the present study compared the effects of fasting and of central infusion of OXA on the memory processes underlying odor-malaise association during the conditioned odor aversion (COA) paradigm. Animals implanted with a cannula in the left ventricle received ICV infusion of OXA or artificial cerebrospinal fluid (ACSF) 1 h before COA acquisition. An additional group of intact rats were food-deprived for 24 h before acquisition. Results showed that the increased olfactory sensitivity induced by fasting and by OXA infusion was accompanied by enhanced COA performance. The present results suggest that fasting-induced central OXA release influenced COA learning by increasing not only olfactory sensitivity, but also the memory processes underlying the odor-malaise association.A large variety of behaviors that are essential for animal survival depend on the sensory perception and processing of odors present in the natural environment. Food-search behavior, which is conditioned by hunger, is directly driven by the perception of odors associated with food (Le Magnen 1959). Several studies have demonstrated that nutritional status influences odor processing by modulating olfactory sensitivity. In particular, fasting has been shown to enhance odor detection in rats, whereas satiety reduced detection of odors in general , and more precisely of one odorant specifically associated with the food type involved in the satiation (O'Doherty et al. 2000;Mulligan et al. 2002). A large body of data suggests that the orexinergic system in the hypothalamus could be involved in the regulation of the food-search behavior by modulating the detection threshold of the food odorant itself (Peyron et al. 1998;Sakurai 2005;Julliard et al. 2007). It is, however, very unlikely that olfactory sensitivity is completely dissociated from olfactory memory (Rusiniak et al. 1982;Slotnick et al. 1997). Interestingly, the hypothalamic orexinergic neurons project to various structures involved in olfactory associative learning (for review, see Rodgers et al. 2002) and the orexin A (OXA) system was shown to be involved in the memory processes underlying conditioned flavor-aversion paradigms (Touzani and Sclafani 2002). Therefore, it can be suggested that the OXA system may influence odor memory formation indirectly through the modulation of olfactory sensitivity.To test this hypothesis, the present study sought to describe the role of the central OXA system in the processes underlying the association between odor and delayed malaise during the acquisition of a conditioned odor aversion (COA) paradigm (Experiment 1). For this purpose, animals implanted in the lateral ventricle were microinfused with OXA before the acquisition of the COA task. In addition, the effect of a 24-h food-deprivation schedule on COA acquisition was tested. Conditioned aversion to the odor was tested 48 h later under satiated conditions. Lastly, the effects of food-deprivation and OXA infusion on anxiety we...

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Stereotaxic Neurosurgery in Laboratory Rodent

Cited by 29 publications

References 0 publications

Image-based in vivo assessment of targeting accuracy of stereotactic brain surgery in experimental rodent models

Image-based in vivo assessment of targeting accuracy of stereotactic brain surgery in experimental rodent models

Robotic Stereotaxic System based on 3D skull reconstruction to improve surgical accuracy and speed

The orexin component of fasting triggers memory processes underlying conditioned food selection in the rat

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