Stereovision Combined With Particle Tracking Velocimetry Reveals Advection and Uplift Within a Restraining Bend Simulating the Denali Fault

Toeneboehn, Kevin; Cooke, Michele L.; Bemis, Sean P.; Fendick, Anne M.

doi:10.3389/feart.2018.00152

Cited by 18 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Although dry sand has many benefits as an analog for modeling crustal processes (e.g., strain-rate independence, well-constrained properties, and ease of use; Ritter et al, 2016Ritter et al, , 2018Schreurs et al, 2016;Reber et al, 2020), its low cohesion compared to wet kaolin favors the growth of new faults over fault reactivation (e.g., Eisenstadt and Sims, 2005;Cooke et al, 2013). The properties of wet kaolin that produce long-lived faults are particularly important for modeling the evolution of fault systems; the abandonment and reactivation of individual fault segments in scaled physical experiments approximate the fault evolution in the crust (e.g., Clifton et al, 2000;Ackermann et al, 2001;Schlische et al, 2002;Eisenstadt and Sims, 2005;Henza et al, 2010;e.g., Hatem et al, 2015e.g., Hatem et al, , 2017Bonini et al, 2016;Bonanno et al, 2017;Toeneboehn et al, 2018).…”

Section: Properties Of Wet Kaolinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We use these images to record the three-dimensional topography throughout the experiment. We follow the stereovision technique described by Toeneboehn et al (2018) and describe the methodology within the Supplemental Text 1 . The uplift evolution confirms the interpretations made from the horizontal incremental displacement fields measured with DIC.…”

Section: Displacement Fields From Digital Image Correlationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Relative to the fixed position of the cameras, the 16 positions of structures in the clay migrate over the course of the experiments. The approach of 17 Toeneboehn et al, (2018) can be used to rectify the incremental uplift patterns for the horizontal 18 displacements of the clay surface. Removing the horizontal incremental displacements between 19 frames ensures that the incremental uplift maps show the true uplift rate pattern and minimize 20 artifacts created by the apparent horizontal drift of topography relative to the cameras.…”

Section: Uplift From Stereovisionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Onset of slip partitioning under oblique convergence within scaled physical experiments

2020

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Oblique convergent margins host slip-partitioned faults with simultaneously active strike-slip and reverse faults. Such systems defy energetic considerations that a single oblique-slip fault accommodates deformation more efficiently than multiple faults. To investigate the development of slip partitioning, we record deformation throughout scaled experiments of wet kaolin over a low-convergence (<30°), obliquely slipping basal dislocation. The presence of a precut vertical weakness in the wet kaolin impacts the morphology of faults but is not required for slip partitioning. The experiments reveal three styles of slip partitioning development delineated by the order of faulting and the extent of slip partitioning. Low-convergence angle experiments (5°) produce strike-slip faults prior to reverse faults. In moderate-convergence experiments (10°–25°), the reverse fault forms prior to the strike-slip fault. Strike-slip faults develop either along existing weaknesses (precut or previous reverse-slip faults) or through the coalescence of new echelon cracks. The third style of local slip partitioning along two simultaneously active dipping faults is transient while global slip partitioning persists. The development of two active fault surfaces arises from changes in off-fault strain pattern after development of the first fault. With early strike-slip faults, off-fault contraction accumulates to produce a new reverse fault. Systems with early lobate reverse faults accommodate limited strike-slip and produce extension in the hanging wall, thereby promoting strike-slip faulting. The observation of persistent slip partitioning under a wide range of experimental conditions demonstrates why such systems are frequently observed in oblique convergence crustal margins around the world.

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Section: Properties Of Wet Kaolinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Displacement Fields From Digital Image Correlationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Uplift From Stereovisionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Onset of slip partitioning under oblique convergence within scaled physical experiments

2020

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“…strainrate independence, well-constrained properties and ease of use; Ritter et al, 2016Ritter et al, , 2018Schreurs et al, 2016), its low cohesion compared to wet kaolin favors the growth of new faults over fault reactivation (e.g., Eisenstadt and Sims, 2005;Cooke et al, 2013). The properties of wet kaolin that produce long-lived faults are particularly important for modeling the evolution of fault systems; the abandonment and reactivation of individual fault segments in scaled physical experiments approximate the fault evolution in the crust (e.g., Clifton et al, 2000;Ackermann et al, 2001;Schlische et al, 2002;Eisenstadt and Sims, 2005;Henza et al, 2010;e.g., Hatem et al, 2015e.g., Hatem et al, , 2017Bonini et al, 2016;Bonanno et al, 2017;Toeneboehn et al, 2018).…”

Section: Properties Of Wet Kaolinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to collecting images for horizontal displacement fields, a second high-resolution DSLR camera provides images from an alternate perspective that we use to record the threedimensional topography throughout the experiment. We follow the stereovision technique described by Toeneboehn et al (2018) and describe the methodology within the supplemental material. The uplift evolution confirms the interpretations made from the horizontal incremental displacement fields measured with DIC.…”

Section: Displacement Fields From Digital Image Correlationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Onset of slip partitioning under oblique convergence within scaled physical models

Cooke¹,

Toeneboehn²,

Beyer³

2019

Preprint

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Oblique convergent margins host slip partitioned faults with simultaneously active strike-slip and reverse faults. Such systems defy energetic considerations that a single oblique-slip fault accommodates deformation more efficiently than multiple faults. To investigate the development of slip partitioning, we record deformation throughout scaled experiments of wet kaolin over a low convergence (< 30˚) obliquely-slipping basal dislocation. The presence of a precut vertical weakness in the wet kaolin impacts the morphology of faults but is not required for slip partitioning. The experiments reveal three styles of slip partitioning development delineated by the order of faulting and the extent of slip partitioning. Low convergent angle experiments (5˚) produce strike-slip faults prior to reverse faults. In moderate convergence experiments (10˚-25˚), the reverse fault forms prior to the strike-slip fault. Strike-slip faults develop either along existing weaknesses (precut or previous reverse-slip faults) or through the coalescence of new echelon cracks. The third style of local slip partitioning along two simultaneously active dipping faults is transient while global slip partitioning persists. The development of two active fault surfaces arises from changes in off-fault strain pattern after development of the first fault. With early strike-slip faults, off-fault contraction accumulates to produce a new reverse fault. Systems with early lobate reverse faults accommodate limited strike-slip and produce extension in the hanging wall, thereby promoting strike-slip faulting. The observation of persistent slip partitioning under a wide range of experimental conditions demonstrates why such systems are frequently observed in oblique convergence crustal margins around the world.

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Oblique Contraction Along the Fastest Ocean–Continent Transform Plate Boundary Focuses Rock Uplift West of the Fairweather Fault, Southeast Alaska

Witter,

Kelsey,

Lease

et al. 2024

Geophysical Monograph Series

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Stereovision Combined With Particle Tracking Velocimetry Reveals Advection and Uplift Within a Restraining Bend Simulating the Denali Fault

Cited by 18 publications

References 46 publications

Onset of slip partitioning under oblique convergence within scaled physical experiments

Onset of slip partitioning under oblique convergence within scaled physical experiments

Onset of slip partitioning under oblique convergence within scaled physical models

Oblique Contraction Along the Fastest Ocean–Continent Transform Plate Boundary Focuses Rock Uplift West of the Fairweather Fault, Southeast Alaska

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