Sterilization and Disinfection

Mohapatra, Sarita

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-805299-0.00059-2

Cited by 59 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Recent studies (4,15,23) reported the effectiveness of EW with HOCl concentrations as low as 100 ppm against SARS-CoV-2, and many HOCl-based products have been developed that meet the EPA criteria for use against SARS-CoV-2 (5). Moreover, previous studies (24,25) showed that slightly acidic EW and neutral EW generated in single-cell units (without diaphragm), similar to that mentioned in this report, were effective against difficult-to-kill viruses/pathogens (such as non-enveloped viruses (e.g., norovirus) (26). However, the rapid viricidal effect of any EW disinfectant depends on the FAC (specifically HOCl) concentration; at a lower FAC (such as in old solutions that have been in contact with the atmosphere for a long period), the disinfectant ability of the solution is lost and the EW can no longer effectively inactivate SARS-CoV-2 (4).…”

Section: Reportsupporting

confidence: 84%

Electrolyzed Water Generated On-Site as a Promising Disinfectant in the Dental Office During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Farah

Ali

2021

Front. Public Health

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Electrolyzed water is a safe, broad-spectrum bactericidal and viricidal agent, which can be used as a potent and effective alternative disinfectant in case of supply shortages. This report describes the on-site production of slightly acidic electrolyzed water (EW) from diluted salt solution and vinegar at a dental office using a portable EW generator unit. Such measures can ensure the safe continuity of important dental service provision for our patients during the coronavirus disease 2019 (CoVID-19) pandemic.

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Section: Reportsupporting

confidence: 84%

Electrolyzed Water Generated On-Site as a Promising Disinfectant in the Dental Office During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Farah

Ali

2021

Front. Public Health

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“…Their use is associated with medium-level risk of infection. [30][31][32][33] Noncritical instruments come into contact with intact skin (the risk of infection is negligible here). 31 According to the American Dental Association (ADA), tools used in dentistry that penetrate bone and soft tissue, such as scalers, extraction tongs, and scalpels, are critical tools.…”

Section: Classification Of Instruments Used In Stomatology According mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The effectiveness of disinfection depends on the substance used, the duration of action, and pH (an increase in pH at which the disinfection is performed reduces the activity of phenols, chlorates (I), and iodine compounds and increases the activity of glutaraldehyde and quaternary ammonium bases). 20,21 Depending on the spectrum of action, the disinfection process can be achieved at three different levels: high-level disinfectants inactivate all microorganisms, excluding a large number of bacterial spores; medium-level disinfectants inactivate Mycobacterium tuberculosis, vegetative forms of bacteria, most viruses and fungi, but do not inactivate all bacterial spores; low-level disinfectants destroy most vegetative forms of bacteria (e.g., Staphylococcus species, Pseudomonas species, Salmonella species) and certain viruses (e.g., HIV, herpes virus, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus) and fungi, without bacterial spores and mycobacteria 30,[38][39][40]…”

Section: Mechanism Of Disinfectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many years ago, Earle Spaulding from Temple University (Philadelphia, PA) introduced a disinfection-related classification of instruments according to the risk of infection. 30 This classification is still used today. 31 According to this classification, instruments are divided into three groups.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Their use is associated with medium-level risk of infection. 30 31 32 33 Noncritical instruments come into contact with intact skin (the risk of infection is negligible here). 31 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Disinfectants Used in Stomatology and SARS-CoV-2 Infection

et al. 2021

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Effective disinfection is a basic procedure in medical facilities, including those conducting dental surgeries, where treatments for tissue discontinuity are also performed, as it is an important element of infection prevention. Disinfectants used in dentistry and dental and maxillofacial surgery include both inorganic (hydrogen peroxide, sodium chlorite-hypochlorite) and organic compounds (ethanol, isopropanol, peracetic acid, chlorhexidine, eugenol). Various mechanisms of action of disinfectants have been reported, which include destruction of the structure of bacterial and fungal cell membranes; damage of nucleic acids; denaturation of proteins, which in turn causes inhibition of enzyme activity; loss of cell membrane integrity; and decomposition of cell components. This article discusses the most important examples of substances used as disinfectants in dentistry and presents the mechanisms of their action with particular focus on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The search was conducted in ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Scopus databases. The interest of scientists in the use of disinfectants in dental practice is constantly growing, which results in the increasing number of publications on disinfection, sterilization, and asepsis. Many disinfectants often possess several of the abovementioned mechanisms of action. In addition, disinfectant preparations used in dental practice either contain one compound or are frequently a mixture of active compounds, which increases their range and effectiveness of antimicrobial action. Currently available information on disinfectants that can be used to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection in dental practices was summarized.

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