The conversion of dehydroisoandrosterone sulfate (DS) to 16a-hydroxydehydroisoandrosterone-3-sulfate (16aH0DS) was studied in patients with prostatic cancer, before and after one month of treatment with either diethylstilbestrol (DES) or 6ot-methyl-17-acetoxyprogesterone (Provera®). A mixture of 3 H-16a-HODS and 14 C-DS was administered intravenously in each experiment and the 3 H/ 1 4 C ratio in 16a-H0DS isolated from pooled urine, collected for 3 days following the injection, was measured. The conversion of blood-borne DS to blood-borne 16a-HODS was found to be high (11 to 46%) before treatment and to about double as a result of the administration of DES. No changes occurred during treatment with medroxyprogesterone acetate. It is concluded from these results that 16